FMGE 2026 - Community Medicine PYQs Practice Questions

Q: A chronic smoker with COPD is planned for elective abdominal surgery. What intervention best reduces pulmonary complications?

Smoking cessation with chest physiotherapy. ***Smoking cessation with chest physiotherapy*** - Smoking cessation for at least **8 weeks prior** to elective surgery allows for critical physiological improvements, including reduced **carboxyhemoglobin levels** and enhanced **ciliary function**, which directly lower the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. - **Chest physiotherapy** and **deep breathing exercises** help clear secretions and improve **lung expansion** postoperatively, significantly reducing the risk of **atelectasis** and **pneumonia**. *Prophylactic antibiotics* - Antibiotic prophylaxis is indicated to prevent **surgical site infections (SSI)**, not specifically primary pulmonary complications. - Routine use does not address the underlying **airway hyper-reactivity** or impairment in clearance associated with **COPD**. *LAMA and LABA* - While optimizing bronchodilator therapy is essential for managing baseline **COPD symptoms**, these medications are supportive and do not possess the same level of preventive impact on postoperative pulmonary risks as **preoperative smoking cessation**. - Preoperative optimization of inhalers is necessary for patients with poorly controlled disease but is secondary to the behavioral intervention of stopping smoking. *Long term methylxanthines* - **Methylxanthines** (such as theophylline) have a narrow **therapeutic index** and are associated with significant side effects like **arrhythmias**, making them less preferred for routine perioperative management. - They provide minimal benefit in acute or preoperative pulmonary risk reduction compared to established interventions like smoking cessation and airway clearance techniques. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: After a mass accident on national highway a 20 years old male was brought with following finding what is the color coding according to triage?

Yellow. ***Yellow*** - Defined as the **delayed** category, it is assigned to patients who have serious but non-life-threatening injuries, such as stable **fractures** or minor burns, that do not require immediate intervention. - These patients can wait for medical treatment for a short period, as their condition is stable and unlikely to deteriorate rapidly, provided they are reassessed periodically. *Red* - Designated as the **immediate** category for patients with life-threatening injuries, such as **airway obstruction**, severe hemorrhage, or **shock**, who require rapid stabilization. - This color is reserved for patients for whom an intervention will likely result in a significant improvement in outcome within a short period. *Black* - Represents the **expectant** or deceased category, assigned to victims who have sustained injuries incompatible with life, such as **massive head trauma** or **cardiac arrest**. - Resources are not expended on these individuals during a mass casualty incident because their clinical status indicates a poor prognosis despite intervention. *Green* - Known as the **minor** or walking wounded category, assigned to patients with superficial injuries like **abrasions** or minor lacerations who can ambulate themselves. - These individuals are capable of self-care and do not require urgent medical attention, allowing providers to focus on more critically injured patients. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: A particular parasite commonly associated with water bodies shown in the below image has been eliminated from this habitat. Which of the following parasites is it?

Guinea worm. ***Guinea worm*** - Known as **Dracunculiasis**, this parasitic infection is transmitted by drinking contaminated water containing **copepods** infected with *Dracunculus medinensis* larvae. - It is currently on the verge of **global eradication** due to successful water safety and community-based surveillance programs. *Whipworm* - Caused by *Trichuris trichiura*, it is an **intestinal helminth** transmitted via fecal-oral route, usually through soil contaminated with eggs. - It remains endemic in many tropical regions and has not been targeted for eradication like the Guinea worm. *Hookworm* - Infections by *Ancylostoma duodenale* or *Necator americanus* occur when larvae penetrate the **skin** after contact with contaminated soil. - It is a common soil-transmitted helminth and remains a significant public health issue without an eradication status. *Roundworm* - *Ascaris lumbricoides* is transmitted via fecal-oral contamination of **soil** and is one of the most common human helminth infections worldwide. - It poses a high global burden of disease and is managed through mass drug administration rather than eradication. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: As per the latest official nomenclature change, what is the new name of this facility?

Ayushman Arogya Mandir. ***Ayushman Arogya Mandir*** - The Government of India, through the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, officially rebranded the existing **Ayushman Bharat Health and Wellness Centres** (AB-HWCs) as 'Ayushman Arogya Mandir'. - The tagline for this initiative is '**Arogyam Parmam Dhanam**', emphasizing the government's commitment to holistic health and wellness at the grassroots level. *Sub-Centre* - This term refers to the most peripheral institution in the primary healthcare infrastructure in India, historically providing basic maternal and child health services. - Following the transition to Health and Wellness Centres, and now 'Ayushman Arogya Mandirs', the term 'Sub-Centre' has been largely superseded in administrative nomenclature for these upgraded facilities. *Ayushman Bharat Wellness Center* - This was the previous official nomenclature for the centers established under the **Ayushman Bharat** initiative to provide comprehensive primary healthcare. - The name has been officially changed to 'Ayushman Arogya Mandir' as part of the latest policy update to rebrand and emphasize the focus on holistic wellness. *Primary Health Centre (PHC)* - This is a distinct tier of the public health system, serving as the first point of contact between the village community and the medical officer. - Unlike 'Ayushman Arogya Mandirs', which are often upgraded Sub-Centres or PHCs, the **Primary Health Centre** remains a specific structural unit in the Indian public health delivery chain functioning above the Sub-Centre level. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: According to Biomedical Waste Management Rules, this item should be disposed of in which color-coded container?

Red. ***Red*** - Under the **Biomedical Waste Management Rules**, the red container is designated for **recyclable waste** that is contaminated with blood or body fluids. - This includes items like **tubings**, **bottles**, **IV sets**, **catheters**, **gloves**, and **urine bags** after appropriate disinfection or autoclaving. *Blue* - The blue container is reserved for **broken or discarded and contaminated glass** and metallic body implants. - It serves as a dedicated category to prevent **sharps injuries** and ensures appropriate disposal of glass/metal materials. *White* - The white container (translucent, puncture-proof) is exclusively used for **waste sharps** including metals, such as **needles**, **syringes with fixed needles**, **needles from needle-tip cutter or burner**, scalpels, blades, or any other contaminated sharp object. - It is designed to be **puncture-proof**, **leak-proof**, and **tamper-proof** to protect healthcare workers from needle-stick injuries. *Yellow* - The yellow container is intended for **anatomical waste**, **soiled waste** (dressings, plasters, cotton), **expired medicines**, and **cytotoxic drugs**. - It requires **incineration** or **plasma pyrolysis** or **deep burial** as the primary method of treatment for most of these categories. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

A chronic smoker with COPD is planned for elective abdominal surgery. What intervention best reduces pulmonary complications?

Accepted Answer

Smoking cessation with chest physiotherapy

Answer

Prophylactic antibiotics

Answer

LAMA and LABA

Answer

Long term methylxanthines

Question 2

After a mass accident on national highway a 20 years old male was brought with following finding what is the color coding according to triage?

Accepted Answer

Yellow

Answer

Red

Answer

Black

Answer

Green

Question 3

A particular parasite commonly associated with water bodies shown in the below image has been eliminated from this habitat. Which of the following parasites is it?

Accepted Answer

Guinea worm

Answer

Whipworm

Answer

Hookworm

Answer

Roundworm

Question 4

As per the latest official nomenclature change, what is the new name of this facility?

Accepted Answer

Ayushman Arogya Mandir

Answer

Sub-Centre

Answer

Ayushman Bharat Wellness Center

Answer

Primary Health Centre (PHC)

Question 5

According to Biomedical Waste Management Rules, this item should be disposed of in which color-coded container?

Accepted Answer

Red

Answer

Blue

Answer

White

Answer

Yellow

Question 6

A health centre conducts screening of women in the community. An elderly woman is detected to have carcinoma of the cervix/breast during this screening. This activity corresponds to which level of prevention?

Accepted Answer

Secondary

Answer

Primary

Answer

Primordial

Answer

Tertiary

Question 7

Vitamin A is deliberately added to ghee to improve its nutritional value at the population level. This process is known as:

Accepted Answer

Fortification

Answer

Adulteration

Answer

Enrichment

Answer

Supplementation

Question 8

A researcher studies serum cholesterol levels (continuous variable) in two independent groups of patients (100 patients in one group and 200 pat ients in another group). Which of the following statistical tests is most appropriate for analysis?

Accepted Answer

Unpaired t-test

Answer

Paired t-test

Answer

Chi-square test

Answer

ANOVA

Question 9

In a contraceptive study, 500 women were followed for 6 months. During this period, 4 pregnancies occurred. What is the Pearl Index?

Accepted Answer

1.6

Answer

2.5

Answer

5.0

Answer

2.0

Question 10

During flocculation in water treatment, which of the following substances is commonly added to facilitate aggregation of suspended particles?

Accepted Answer

Alum

Answer

Chlorine

Answer

Lime

Answer

Activated charcoal

FMGE 2026 — Community Medicine