FMGE 2026 - Community Medicine Practice Questions

Q: Regarding the transition from HFA → MDG → SDG, which of the following is correct?

Targets on time. ***Targets on time*** - The transition from the **Health for All (HFA)** strategy (Alma-Ata Declaration) to the **Millennium Development Goals (MDG)** and subsequently the **Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)** reflects a shift towards specific, time-bound targets and measurable global indicators. - These frameworks evolved to ensure accountability and track progress on critical health determinants like **maternal mortality**, **child survival**, and **non-communicable diseases** across defined timeframes (e.g., 2015 for MDGs, 2030 for SDGs). *Only communicable diseases* - Unlike early vertical public health programs, the MDG and SDG frameworks transitioned towards a more comprehensive **holistic health approach** encompassing both **communicable and non-communicable diseases**. - The agenda significantly expanded to include issues such as **mental health**, **universal health coverage (UHC)**, and environmental health, rather than being restricted to infectious diseases. *Only Lower Socio economic status* - The principles of the HFA, MDG, and SDG frameworks are grounded in the concept of **universal applicability** and **equity**, aiming to reach populations across all socioeconomic strata. - They emphasize that health is a **universal right**, pushing for the inclusion of vulnerable and marginalized groups everywhere rather than focusing exclusively on low-income nations or demographics. *Applicable only to developing countries* - A key distinction in the SDG framework, compared to earlier models, is that it is **universally applicable** to both developed and developing nations. - The global agenda recognizes that health challenges, such as chronic disease, air pollution, and health inequality, affect all countries regardless of their **economic development status**.

Q: A pregnant woman avoids a particular fruit due to a commonly held belief that its consumption can induce abortion, despite there being no scientific evidence to support this claim. Which of the following fruits is most commonly associated with this misconception? Options:

Papaya. ### ***Papaya*** - Unripe or semi-ripe **papaya** contains **latex** which is rich in enzymes like **papain** and **chymopapain**, which some traditional beliefs claim can trigger uterine contractions. - While large amounts of latex from raw papaya might theoretically cause uterine contractions, ripe papaya is safe, but the persistent social misconception often leads many pregnant women to avoid the fruit entirely. *Banana* - **Banana** is highly recommended during pregnancy as it is a rich source of **potassium**, **fiber**, and **B-vitamins**. - There are no cultural or medical myths associating banana consumption with adverse pregnancy outcomes or abortion. *Grapes* - **Grapes** are considered a healthy inclusion in a pregnancy diet due to their high content of **antioxidants** and **vitamins**. - While individual women might develop food aversions, there is no common stigma or belief regarding grapes as abortifacients. *Orange* - **Oranges** are well-regarded during pregnancy for their high **Vitamin C** content, which aids in iron absorption and immune function. - This fruit is universally considered safe and beneficial, with no myths suggesting it causes pregnancy complications or abortion.

Question 1

Regarding the transition from HFA → MDG → SDG, which of the following is correct?

Accepted Answer

Targets on time

Answer

Only communicable diseases

Answer

Only Lower Socio economic status

Answer

Applicable only to developing countries

Question 2

A pregnant woman avoids a particular fruit due to a commonly held belief that its consumption can induce abortion, despite there being no scientific evidence to support this claim. Which of the following fruits is most commonly associated with this misconception? Options:

Accepted Answer

Papaya

Answer

Banana

Answer

Grapes

Answer

Orange

FMGE 2026 — Community Medicine