FMGE 2026 - Anatomy PYQs Practice Questions

Q: During nasogastric tube insertion, obstruction is encountered at 40cm due to ?

Diaphragmatic constriction. ***Diaphragmatic constriction*** - The **esophagus** passes through the **esophageal hiatus** of the diaphragm at approximately **40 cm** from the upper incisor teeth. - This narrowing represents the final physiological constriction of the esophagus where clinical obstruction can occur during **nasogastric intubation**. *Arch of aorta* - The **arch of the aorta** causes an esophageal indentation at approximately **22-25 cm** from the incisors where it crosses the esophagus anteriorly. - This is a normal anatomical indentation and does not represent an obstruction point at the 40 cm mark. *Cricopharyngeal constriction* - This is the site of the **upper esophageal sphincter** and is located approximately **15 cm** from the incisor teeth. - It is generally the narrowest part of the esophagus and the primary site where a nasogastric tube might get stuck during the initial phase of insertion. *None of above* - Medical literature consistently identifies specific anatomical points of narrowing in the esophagus based on distance from the incisors. - The obstruction at 40 cm corresponds clinically to the **esophageal hiatus** of the diaphragm. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Identify the marked structure:

Body. ***Body*** - It is the central and largest portion of the **corpus callosum**, situated between the **genu** anteriorly and the **splenium** posteriorly. - It forms the roof of the **lateral ventricles** and connects the cortical areas of the frontal and parietal lobes across the midline. *Rostrum* - This is the thin, beak-like extension located most anteriorly and inferiorly, continuous with the **lamina terminalis**. - It represents the most anterior and inferior part of the **corpus callosum**, positioned ahead of the genu. *Splenium* - This is the thick, posterior-most bulbous part of the **corpus callosum** that overhangs the **midbrain**. - It contains fibers that primarily interconnect the **occipital lobes** and the temporal lobes. *Genu* - This is the anterior, knee-shaped bend of the **corpus callosum** that connects the two **frontal lobes**. - It is located between the rostrum and the body, serving as a distinct anatomical landmark in the midline sagittal section of the brain. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Identify the triangle shown in the image.

Submental triangle. ***Submental triangle*** - This triangle is located in the **anterior triangle of the neck** and is bordered by the **anterior bellies of the digastric muscles** laterally and the **hyoid bone** inferiorly. - Its floor is formed by the **mylohyoid muscle**, and it contains the **submental lymph nodes**, which drain lymph from the chin, tip of the tongue, and lower incisors. *Muscular triangle* - This area is bounded by the **superior belly of the omohyoid**, the **sternocleidomastoid muscle**, and the **midline of the neck**. - It serves as a space for structures like the **sternohyoid** and **sternothyroid muscles**, as well as the **thyroid** and **parathyroid glands**. *Carotid triangle* - This triangle is defined by the **superior belly of the omohyoid**, the **posterior belly of the digastric**, and the **sternocleidomastoid muscle**. - It is clinically significant as it contains the **common carotid artery**, the **internal jugular vein**, and the **vagus nerve** within the **carotid sheath**. *Digastric triangle* - Also known as the **submandibular triangle**, it is bounded by the **mandible** and the two bellies of the **digastric muscle**. - This space houses the **submandibular gland**, the **facial artery and vein**, and the **submandibular lymph nodes**. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Identify the marked blood vessel in the given image.

Interventricular artery. ***Interventricular artery*** - The **anterior interventricular artery**, also known as the **Left Anterior Descending (LAD) artery**, is a direct continuation of the left coronary artery that travels down the **anterior interventricular sulcus**. - It is the most clinically significant vessel due to its extensive supply to the **anterior wall of the left ventricle** and the **anterior two-thirds of the interventricular septum**. *Left coronary artery* - This is the main trunk that arises from the **left aortic sinus** before bifurcating into the **LAD** and the **circumflex artery**. - It is a short vessel and does not travel down the interventricular groove, unlike the LAD. *Right coronary artery* - This artery arises from the **right aortic sinus** and travels within the **coronary sulcus** between the right atrium and right ventricle. - It typically supplies the **right atrium**, **right ventricle**, and the **inferior wall** of the heart, rather than the interventricular groove. *Left circumflex artery* - This vessel branches off the **left coronary artery** and travels within the **coronary sulcus** toward the left margin of the heart. - It supplies the **left atrium** and the **lateral wall of the left ventricle**, moving away from the interventricular sulcus. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: A person came in with difficulty to abduct his left arm above 15 degrees and loss of sensation over his left lateral arm. Xray of the affected arm is given. Which structure is most probably affected? (Badge sign was also mentioned in the question).

Axillary nerve. ***Axillary nerve*** - The **axillary nerve** innervates the **deltoid muscle**, which is responsible for arm abduction beyond the initial 15 degrees (initiated by the **supraspinatus**); injury results in weakness or paralysis of this movement. - Damage to this nerve causes loss of sensation over the 'regimental badge' area on the **lateral shoulder** and is commonly associated with **surgical neck fractures** of the humerus. *Radial nerve* - Injury to this nerve typically results in **wrist drop** due to paralysis of the **extensor muscles** of the forearm. - Sensory loss occurs on the **dorsum of the hand** and the posterior arm, not the lateral shoulder. *Musculocutaneous nerve* - This nerve innervates the **anterior compartment of the arm** (biceps, brachialis, coracobrachialis), responsible for **elbow flexion** and forearm supination. - Injury results in weakness in elbow flexion and sensory loss along the **lateral forearm**. *Subscapular nerve* - The **subscapular nerves** (upper and lower) innervate the **subscapularis** and **teres major**, which act as **medial rotators** and adductors of the arm. - Injury does not present with the characteristic loss of sensation over the lateral shoulder seen in axillary nerve palsy. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

During nasogastric tube insertion, obstruction is encountered at 40cm due to ?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragmatic constriction

Answer

Arch of aorta

Answer

Cricopharyngeal constriction

Answer

None of above

Question 2

Identify the marked structure:

Accepted Answer

Body

Answer

Rostrum

Answer

Splenium

Answer

Genu

Question 3

Identify the triangle shown in the image.

Accepted Answer

Submental triangle

Answer

Muscular triangle

Answer

Carotid triangle

Answer

Digastric triangle

Question 4

Identify the marked blood vessel in the given image.

Accepted Answer

Interventricular artery

Answer

Left coronary artery

Answer

Right coronary artery

Answer

Left circumflex artery

Question 5

A person came in with difficulty to abduct his left arm above 15 degrees and loss of sensation over his left lateral arm. Xray of the affected arm is given. Which structure is most probably affected? (Badge sign was also mentioned in the question).

Accepted Answer

Axillary nerve

Answer

Radial nerve

Answer

Musculocutaneous nerve

Answer

Subscapular nerve

Question 6

Match the corresponding structures according to the labels in the given image.

Accepted Answer

A-Clavicle, B-Coracoid process, C -Scapula, D-Acromion

Answer

A-Clavicle, B-Coracoid process, C -Acromion, D -Scapula

Answer

A-Clavicle , B-Acromion, C -Coracoid process , D -Scapula

Answer

A-Clavicle, B-Acromion, C -Scapula, D-Coracoid process

Question 7

Which of the following muscle is not innervated by the nerve shown in the image?

Accepted Answer

Thyrohyoid

Answer

Omohyoid

Answer

Sternohyoid

Answer

Sternothyroid

Question 8

Identify the marked structure.

Accepted Answer

Corpus callosum

Answer

Septum pellucidum

Answer

Globus pallidus

Answer

Fornix

Question 9

Identify the marked structure in the given image.

Accepted Answer

Lingual swelling

Answer

Tuberculum impar

Answer

Hypobrachial eminence

Answer

2nd arch

Question 10

What is the nerve that passes through the marked structure in the given image?

Accepted Answer

Inferior alveolar nerve

Answer

Lingual nerve

Answer

Hypoglossal nerve

Answer

Greater auricular nerve

FMGE 2026 — Anatomy