FMGE 2026 Practice Questions

Q: A patient suffering from cavernous sinus thrombosis complaints of pain in forehead, orbital area and upper lip. Patient denies of pain in the lower lip region. Which of the following is not involved in the patients pathological condition?

Mandibular nerve. ***Mandibular nerve*** - The **mandibular nerve (V3)** exits the skull through the **foramen ovale** and does not pass through the **cavernous sinus**. - Lack of pain in the **lower lip** region clinically confirms that the mandate division of the **trigeminal nerve** is spared in this pathology. *Trochlear nerve* - The **trochlear nerve (CN IV)** runs within the lateral wall of the **cavernous sinus**. - It is frequently affected in **cavernous sinus thrombosis**, leading to **superior oblique muscle** palsy and diplopia. *Abducent nerve* - The **abducent nerve (CN VI)** travels through the central portion of the **cavernous sinus** near the internal carotid artery. - It is often the first nerve affected in **cavernous sinus thrombosis**, resulting in **lateral rectus muscle** palsy. *Occulomotor nerve* - The **oculomotor nerve (CN III)** is located in the lateral wall of the **cavernous sinus**. - Involvement leads to **ophthalmoplegia**, ptosis, and a **dilated, fixed pupil** due to parasympathetic fiber compromise.

Q: As per the latest official nomenclature change, what is the new name of this facility?

Ayushman Arogya Mandir. ***Ayushman Arogya Mandir*** - The Government of India, through the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, officially rebranded the existing **Ayushman Bharat Health and Wellness Centres** (AB-HWCs) as 'Ayushman Arogya Mandir'. - The tagline for this initiative is '**Arogyam Parmam Dhanam**', emphasizing the government's commitment to holistic health and wellness at the grassroots level. *Sub-Centre* - This term refers to the most peripheral institution in the primary healthcare infrastructure in India, historically providing basic maternal and child health services. - Following the transition to Health and Wellness Centres, and now 'Ayushman Arogya Mandirs', the term 'Sub-Centre' has been largely superseded in administrative nomenclature for these upgraded facilities. *Ayushman Bharat Wellness Center* - This was the previous official nomenclature for the centers established under the **Ayushman Bharat** initiative to provide comprehensive primary healthcare. - The name has been officially changed to 'Ayushman Arogya Mandir' as part of the latest policy update to rebrand and emphasize the focus on holistic wellness. *Primary Health Centre (PHC)* - This is a distinct tier of the public health system, serving as the first point of contact between the village community and the medical officer. - Unlike 'Ayushman Arogya Mandirs', which are often upgraded Sub-Centres or PHCs, the **Primary Health Centre** remains a specific structural unit in the Indian public health delivery chain functioning above the Sub-Centre level.

Q: According to Biomedical Waste Management Rules, this item should be disposed of in which color-coded container?

Red. ***Red*** - Under the **Biomedical Waste Management Rules**, the red container is designated for **recyclable waste** that is contaminated with blood or body fluids. - This includes items like **tubings**, **bottles**, **IV sets**, **catheters**, **gloves**, and **urine bags** after appropriate disinfection or autoclaving. *Blue* - The blue container is reserved for **broken or discarded and contaminated glass** and metallic body implants. - It serves as a dedicated category to prevent **sharps injuries** and ensures appropriate disposal of glass/metal materials. *White* - The white container (translucent, puncture-proof) is exclusively used for **waste sharps** including metals, such as **needles**, **syringes with fixed needles**, **needles from needle-tip cutter or burner**, scalpels, blades, or any other contaminated sharp object. - It is designed to be **puncture-proof**, **leak-proof**, and **tamper-proof** to protect healthcare workers from needle-stick injuries. *Yellow* - The yellow container is intended for **anatomical waste**, **soiled waste** (dressings, plasters, cotton), **expired medicines**, and **cytotoxic drugs**. - It requires **incineration** or **plasma pyrolysis** or **deep burial** as the primary method of treatment for most of these categories.

Q: A health centre conducts screening of women in the community. An elderly woman is detected to have carcinoma of the cervix/breast during this screening. This activity corresponds to which level of prevention?

Secondary. ***Secondary*** - **Secondary prevention** involves **early detection** and **prompt treatment** of disease to stop its progression. - **Screening programs** like Pap smears for cervical cancer or mammography for breast cancer are classic examples of this level. *Primary* - **Primary prevention** includes measures applied *before* the disease occurs, such as **vaccination** or health education. - Its goal is to prevent the **onset of disease** rather than detecting an existing one. *Primordial* - **Primordial prevention** targets the underlying environmental and social conditions that lead to the causation of disease (e.g., **policies** promoting healthy diet or banning smoking). - It aims to prevent the emergence of **risk factor patterns** in the population rather than individual screening. *Tertiary* - **Tertiary prevention** applies when the disease is already established and symptomatic. - It focuses on **rehabilitation** and preventing **disability** or complications from the clinical disease.

Q: Vitamin A is deliberately added to ghee to improve its nutritional value at the population level. This process is known as:

Fortification. ***Fortification*** - This process involves the deliberate addition of one or more **essential micronutrients** to a food product to improve its **nutritional quality** and prevent deficiencies at the population level. - It is a public health strategy specifically designed to reach a large number of people through **commonly consumed vehicles**, such as adding Vitamin A to ghee or iodine to common salt. *Adulteration* - This is an illegal or unethical practice of adding inferior, harmful, or non-nutritive substances to food for the purpose of **economic gain**. - Examples include mixing rapeseed oil with mustard oil or adding starch to milk, which degrades food quality rather than enhancing it. *Enrichment* - This term technically refers to the process of **replacing** specific nutrients that were lost during the **refining** or processing of a food product. - A classic example is the addition of B-vitamins and iron back into white flour (refined wheat flour) after the milling process removes them. *Supplementation* - This refers to the direct administration of a nutritional agent (like a **tablet, capsule, or syrup**) to an individual, often targeting specific high-risk groups. - It differs from fortification because it is a **clinical or therapeutic intervention** for individuals rather than a population-wide modification of a food supply.

Q: A researcher studies serum cholesterol levels (continuous variable) in two independent groups of patients (100 patients in one group and 200 pat ients in another group). Which of the following statistical tests is most appropriate for analysis?

Unpaired t-test. ***Unpaired t-test*** - The **unpaired t-test** (or independent samples t-test) is the gold standard for comparing the **means** of a **continuous variable** between **two independent groups**. - Since the groups (n=100 and n=200) are unrelated to each other, this test is the statistically correct choice to determine if the difference in their cholesterol levels is **statistically significant**. *Paired t-test* - This test is utilized when comparing **repeated measurements** on the **same subjects** (e.g., pre-treatment vs. post-treatment values). - It is inappropriate here because the groups consist of distinct, unrelated individuals rather than the same patients measured twice. *Chi-square test* - The **Chi-square test** is used to analyze associations between **categorical** variables (e.g., presence or absence of a disease), not continuous data like cholesterol levels. - It assesses differences between **proportions** or frequencies rather than testing for differences in arithmetic means. *ANOVA* - **Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)** is designed to compare the means of **three or more** independent groups. - While technically it could yield similar results when applied to only two groups, the **unpaired t-test** is the standard, more specific, and appropriate choice for a two-group comparison.

Q: In a contraceptive study, 500 women were followed for 6 months. During this period, 4 pregnancies occurred. What is the Pearl Index?

1.6. ***1.6*** - The **Pearl Index** is calculated as (Number of accidental pregnancies × 1200) / Total months of exposure. - With 4 pregnancies over 3000 woman-months (500 women × 6 months), the calculation is (4 × 1200) / 3000 = 4800 / 3000 = **1.6**. *2.5* - This value is mathematically incorrect based on the standard formula for the **Pearl Index**. - It likely represents a calculation error where the numerator or denominator was inverted or miscalculated. *5.0* - This result would be reached if one incorrectly multiplied the pregnancies by 1200 and divided by 500 women without accounting for the **months of exposure**. - It fails to utilize the total **person-time of observation**, which is crucial for determining contraceptive failure rates. *2.0* - This would result from an incorrect assumption, such as calculating based on a shorter duration or misinterpreting the **total woman-months**. - It does not adhere to the validated epidemiological formula used to assess **contraceptive efficacy**.

Q: Fracture to the medial epicondyle of the humerus can lead to which of the following nerve injury?

Ulnar. ***Ulnar nerve*** - The **ulnar nerve** runs in the **cubital tunnel** posterior to the **medial epicondyle**, making it highly susceptible to injury during fractures of this region. - Clinical signs of injury include **claw hand deformity**, sensory loss in the **medial 1.5 digits**, and weakness of intrinsic muscles in the hand. *Axillary nerve* - This nerve is most commonly injured with **surgical neck fractures** of the humerus or **shoulder dislocations**. - Injury typically results in **deltoid muscle atrophy** and sensory loss over the lateral aspect of the shoulder, often referred to as the **regimental badge area**. *Radial nerve* - The **radial nerve** is closely related to the humerus in the **spiral groove** (radial groove), making it vulnerable during **mid-shaft humeral fractures**. - A characteristic manifestation of radial nerve injury is **wrist drop**, due to paralysis of the **extensor muscles** of the forearm. *Median nerve* - The **median nerve** is typically at risk during **supracondylar fractures** of the humerus, where it lies anteriorly. - Injury at this level often leads to the **hand of benediction** sign, particularly when attempting to flex the digits.

Q: A patient with a malignant lesion involving the posterior one -third of the tongue is being evaluated for regional lymph node metastasis. Which lymph nodes are most commonly involved in the lymphatic drainage of this region?

Deep cervical lymphnodes. ***Deep cervical lymph nodes*** - The posterior one-third of the tongue, specifically the **base of the tongue** (posterior to the circumvallate papillae), drains directly into the **deep cervical lymph nodes**, particularly the **jugulodigastric nodes**. - Because the drainage is bilateral and extensive, malignant lesions in this region often metastasize early to these deep nodes. *Submental lymph nodes* - These nodes primarily drain the **tip of the tongue**, the **floor of the mouth**, and the **lower incisors**. - They are not involved in the primary lymphatic drainage pathway of the posterior third of the tongue. *Submandibular lymph nodes* - These nodes receive lymphatic drainage from the **lateral parts of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue**, as well as the submandibular and sublingual glands. - They are considered a sentinel station for tumors of the floor of the mouth and the anterior oral cavity, not the posterior base. *Periauricular lymph nodes* - These nodes are located around the ear and primarily drain the **scalp**, **eyelids**, and the **external auditory canal**. - They are clinically irrelevant to the lymphatic drainage patterns of the tongue musculature and specialized mucosa.

Question 1

Identify the muscles given in the image.

Accepted Answer

A-Psoas major,B -Psoas minor,C -Transverse abdominis, D -Quadratus lumborum

Answer

A-Psoas major,B -Psoas minor ,C -Quadratus lumborum, D -Transverse abdominis

Answer

A-Psoas minor,B -Psoas major,C -Quadratus lumborum, D -Transverse abdominis

Answer

A-Psoas minor,B -Psoas major,C -Quadratus lumborum, D -Transverse abdominis

Question 2

A patient suffering from cavernous sinus thrombosis complaints of pain in forehead, orbital area and upper lip. Patient denies of pain in the lower lip region. Which of the following is not involved in the patients pathological condition?

Accepted Answer

Mandibular nerve

Answer

Trochler nerve

Answer

Abducent nerve

Answer

Occulomotor nerve

Question 3

As per the latest official nomenclature change, what is the new name of this facility?

Accepted Answer

Ayushman Arogya Mandir

Answer

Sub-Centre

Answer

Ayushman Bharat Wellness Center

Answer

Primary Health Centre (PHC)

Question 4

According to Biomedical Waste Management Rules, this item should be disposed of in which color-coded container?

Accepted Answer

Red

Answer

Blue

Answer

White

Answer

Yellow

Question 5

A health centre conducts screening of women in the community. An elderly woman is detected to have carcinoma of the cervix/breast during this screening. This activity corresponds to which level of prevention?

Accepted Answer

Secondary

Answer

Primary

Answer

Primordial

Answer

Tertiary

Question 6

Vitamin A is deliberately added to ghee to improve its nutritional value at the population level. This process is known as:

Accepted Answer

Fortification

Answer

Adulteration

Answer

Enrichment

Answer

Supplementation

Question 7

A researcher studies serum cholesterol levels (continuous variable) in two independent groups of patients (100 patients in one group and 200 pat ients in another group). Which of the following statistical tests is most appropriate for analysis?

Accepted Answer

Unpaired t-test

Answer

Paired t-test

Answer

Chi-square test

Answer

ANOVA

Question 8

In a contraceptive study, 500 women were followed for 6 months. During this period, 4 pregnancies occurred. What is the Pearl Index?

Accepted Answer

1.6

Answer

2.5

Answer

5.0

Answer

2.0

Question 9

Fracture to the medial epicondyle of the humerus can lead to which of the following nerve injury?

Accepted Answer

Ulnar

Answer

Axillary

Answer

Radial

Answer

Median

Question 10

A patient with a malignant lesion involving the posterior one -third of the tongue is being evaluated for regional lymph node metastasis. Which lymph nodes are most commonly involved in the lymphatic drainage of this region?

Accepted Answer

Deep cervical lymphnodes

Answer

Submental lymphnodes

Answer

Submandibular lymphnodes

Answer

Periauricular lymphnodes

FMGE 2026

Anatomy

Community Medicine

Orthopaedics

Surgery