NEET-PG 2024 - Community Medicine PYQs Practice Questions

Q: A patient from Bihar is admitted with splenomegaly and clinical features suggestive of leishmaniasis. What is the vector responsible for transmitting this disease?

Phlebotomus. ***Phlebotomus*** - **Phlebotomus** (sandfly), specifically ***Phlebotomus argentipes*** in India, is the principal vector for transmitting **Leishmania donovani** parasites causing **visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar)**. - Bihar is a highly endemic region for kala-azar in India. - The sandfly transmits the parasite when it takes a blood meal from an infected host and then bites an uninfected individual. *Rat flea* - The **rat flea** (**Xenopsylla cheopis**) is the primary vector for diseases like **bubonic plague** and **murine typhus**, not leishmaniasis. - It transmits bacteria such as *Yersinia pestis* and *Rickettsia typhi*. *Black fly* - **Black flies** (**Simulium species**) are vectors for **onchocerciasis** (river blindness), caused by the parasitic worm *Onchocerca volvulus*. - They transmit the microfilariae when biting humans. *Chrysops fly* - The **Chrysops fly** (deer fly or mango fly) is the vector for **Loa loa filariasis** (African eye worm). - It transmits *Loa loa* eyeworm larvae when it bites humans. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which of the following diseases has the largest submerged portion in the iceberg model of disease?

Influenza. **The Iceberg Model of Disease** represents the concept that for many diseases, only a small portion of cases (the "tip" above water) are clinically apparent and reported, while a much larger portion (the "submerged" part) consists of asymptomatic, subclinical, or undiagnosed cases. ***Influenza*** - Has the **largest submerged portion** among the given options, with **50-75% of infections being asymptomatic or mild** and going undiagnosed - High transmissibility and varied clinical presentation contribute to significant hidden burden - Only severe cases requiring hospitalization typically get reported, representing just the "tip of the iceberg" - Classic example of diseases with large subclinical-to-clinical ratio *Chickenpox* - Most cases are **clinically apparent** with characteristic vesicular rash - Asymptomatic infections are rare due to distinctive clinical features - High visibility of cases reduces the submerged portion significantly *Tetanus* - **Severe, acute neurological condition** with distinct clinical manifestations (trismus, risus sardonicus, opisthotonus) - Almost all cases are diagnosed due to dramatic presentation - Virtually no submerged portion - what exists clinically is recognized *Rabies* - **Nearly uniformly fatal** once symptoms appear, making all symptomatic cases clinically evident - No asymptomatic or mild phase after symptom onset - Minimal to no submerged portion in the iceberg model [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which of the following phases are directly involved in the recovery phase of the disaster cycle?

Rehabilitation and Reconstruction. ***Rehabilitation and Reconstruction*** - **Rehabilitation** is the short-term recovery phase focusing on restoring essential services, providing temporary shelter, medical care, and supporting affected populations to resume normal activities. - **Reconstruction** is the long-term recovery phase involving rebuilding damaged infrastructure, permanent housing, economic restoration, and development improvements. - These two phases together constitute the **recovery phase** of the disaster cycle according to standard disaster management frameworks (WHO, NDMA). *Mitigation and Rehabilitation* - While **rehabilitation** is correctly part of recovery, **mitigation** is traditionally considered a separate continuous phase or part of preparedness, focused on reducing future disaster risks. - **Mitigation** measures are implemented throughout the disaster cycle, not specifically as a direct component of the recovery phase. *Response and Rehabilitation* - **Response** refers to immediate life-saving actions during and immediately after a disaster (search and rescue, emergency medical care, evacuation). - **Response** precedes the recovery phase and is distinct from it, though **rehabilitation** is indeed part of recovery. *Response and Preparedness* - **Preparedness** involves planning, training, and resource allocation before a disaster occurs. - **Response** is the immediate action during/after the disaster. - Neither constitutes the recovery phase, which follows after the immediate response is complete. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: What does JSSK stand for?

Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram. ***Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram*** - **JSSK** is a program initiated by the Indian government to provide **free healthcare services** to pregnant women and sick neonates. - The acronym stands for **Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram**, emphasizing "Karyakram" which means program. *Janani Shishu Swasthya Karyakram* - While "Swasthya" means **health**, it is not the correct word in the official acronym for this government initiative. - The official program focuses on "Suraksha" or **safety/protection** for mother and child during childbirth and infancy. *Janani Shishu Suraksha Kendra* - "Kendra" means **center** and indicates a facility, but the program itself is broader than just a center. - The initiative is a comprehensive "Karyakram" or **program** of services, not merely a physical location. *Janani Shishu Swasthya Kendra* - This option incorrectly combines "Swasthya" (health) and "Kendra" (center), neither of which accurately reflect the full acronym. - The correct acronym uses "Suraksha" (safety/protection) and "Karyakram" (program). [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Identify the logo?

Leprosy. ***Leprosy*** - This logo, often featuring a stylized flower or protective shape, is widely recognized as a symbol associated with **leprosy awareness** and efforts to eradicate the disease. - Organizations dedicated to **leprosy elimination** and care frequently use similar designs to represent compassion, hope, and the journey towards healing for individuals affected by this condition. *TB* - The emblem for **tuberculosis (TB)** awareness predominantly features a **red ribbon**, which symbolizes solidarity in the fight against the disease. - While TB is a global health concern, its associated imagery differs significantly from the flower-like logo presented. *Malaria* - The international symbol for **malaria** often incorporates a stylized **mosquito** or images representing its lifecycle and geographic prevalence. - The logo displayed does not resemble any common imagery used in malaria prevention or awareness campaigns. *HIV* - The **red ribbon** is the most universally recognized symbol for **HIV/AIDS** awareness, representing solidarity with people living with HIV and those who have died from AIDS. - This specific logo does not align with the established iconography for HIV/AIDS. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

A patient from Bihar is admitted with splenomegaly and clinical features suggestive of leishmaniasis. What is the vector responsible for transmitting this disease?

Accepted Answer

Phlebotomus

Answer

Rat flea

Answer

Black fly

Answer

Chrysops fly

Question 2

Which of the following diseases has the largest submerged portion in the iceberg model of disease?

Accepted Answer

Influenza

Answer

Chickenpox

Answer

Tetanus

Answer

Rabies

Question 3

Which of the following phases are directly involved in the recovery phase of the disaster cycle?

Accepted Answer

Rehabilitation and Reconstruction

Answer

Response and Rehabilitation

Answer

Mitigation and Rehabilitation

Answer

Response and Preparedness

Question 4

What does JSSK stand for?

Accepted Answer

Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram

Answer

Janani Shishu Swasthya Karyakram

Answer

Janani Shishu Suraksha Kendra

Answer

Janani Shishu Swasthya Kendra

Question 5

Identify the logo?

Accepted Answer

Leprosy

Answer

TB

Answer

Malaria

Answer

HIV

Question 6

The formula with the numerator as maternal deaths and the denominator as women of reproductive age is used to calculate which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Maternal mortality rate

Answer

Maternal mortality ratio

Answer

Perinatal mortality rate

Answer

Perinatal mortality ratio

Question 7

Identify the index?

Accepted Answer

Human developmental index

Answer

POLI

Answer

Human poverty index

Answer

Multidimensional poverty index

Question 8

Which of the following is not a component of Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI)?

Accepted Answer

Gross National Product

Answer

Life expectancy at 1 year

Answer

Literacy rate

Answer

Infant mortality rate

Question 9

The Black Line in the demographic cycle represents:

Accepted Answer

Death rate

Answer

Birth rate

Answer

Growth Rate

Answer

Demographic gap

Question 10

Given the following data: 500 live births and 9 deaths within the first 7 days, calculate the early neonatal mortality rate.

Accepted Answer

18 per 1,000 live births

Answer

36 per 1,000 live births

Answer

24 per 1,000 live births

Answer

50 per 1,000 live births

NEET-PG 2024 — Community Medicine