FMGE 2024 - Anatomy PYQs Practice Questions

Q: A surgical procedure is performed on the great saphenous vein, around 2.5 cm anterior to the medial malleolus. Which of the following structures is most likely to be injured?

Saphenous nerve. ***Saphenous nerve***- The **saphenous nerve**, a terminal cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve, accompanies the **great saphenous vein (GSV)** throughout the length of the leg on the medial side.- It crosses the ankle just anterior to the medial malleolus, lying immediately adjacent to the GSV, making it highly susceptible to injury during surgical procedures like GSV cannulation, harvesting, or varicose vein surgery in this region.*Sural nerve*- The **sural nerve** is located laterally, typically accompanying the **small saphenous vein (SSV)**, and runs behind the **lateral malleolus**.- Therefore, it is anatomically distant from the surgical site located anterior to the medial malleolus.*Deep peroneal nerve*- The **deep peroneal nerve** is located deep within the **anterior compartment** of the leg and supplies the muscles of the anterior compartment.- Although its terminal branches cross the dorsum of the foot, it is not directly associated with the superficial GSV or the medial malleolus in a manner that would predispose it to injury during this specific superficial procedure.*Tibial nerve*- The **tibial nerve** passes through the **tarsal tunnel**, located deep and posterior (behind) the **medial malleolus**.- This nerve supplies the posterior compartment muscles and is deep to the fascia, making it unlikely to be injured during a superficial procedure performed 2.5 cm *anterior* to the medial malleolus. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: In the given image, the physician is trying to palpate which of the following arteries?

Posterior tibial artery. ***Posterior tibial artery***- The standard location for palpation of the **posterior tibial artery** pulse is just posterior and slightly inferior to the **medial malleolus**, ensuring evaluation of the posterior circulation of the foot.- Palpating this pulse, along with the **dorsalis pedis artery** pulse, is essential for determining adequate distal perfusion and diagnosing conditions like **Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)**.*Anterior tibial artery*- The **anterior tibial artery** is located deep within the anterior compartment of the leg.- It is typically not palpated in the leg; rather, its continuation, the **dorsalis pedis artery**, is palpated on the dorsum of the foot.*Dorsalis pedis artery*- Palpation of the **dorsalis pedis artery** (DPA) occurs on the dorsum of the foot, lateral to the tendon of the **extensor hallucis longus**.- This pulse assesses the blood flow supplied by the anterior circulation, differentiating it from the site behind the medial malleolus.*Lateral plantar artery*- The **lateral plantar artery** is situated deep within the sole of the foot, alongside the lateral plantar nerve.- Its deep location makes it generally inaccessible and impractical for routine clinical pulse assessment. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which of the following structures develop from the 6th pharyngeal arch artery on the left side?

Ductus arteriosus. ***Ductus arteriosus*** - The **ductus arteriosus** develops from the persistence of the distal portion of the **left 6th pharyngeal arch artery**. [2] - This structure is critical in fetal circulation, allowing blood to bypass the non-functional fetal lungs by shunting flow from the left pulmonary artery to the descending aorta. [1], [3] *Arch of Aorta* - The **arch of the aorta** mainly develops from the **aortic sac** and the distal part of the **left 4th pharyngeal arch artery**. - The 6th arch contributes only to the pulmonary system and the ductus shunt, not the primary aortic arch. *Carotid arteries* - Both the **common carotid arteries** and the **internal carotid arteries** are major derivatives of the **3rd pharyngeal arch arteries**. - The 3rd arch artery structure is completely separate from the 6th arch involvement in lung circulation development. *Subclavian artery* - The **left subclavian artery** arises largely from the **7th cervical intersegmental artery**, which is not part of the aortic arch system itself. - The **right subclavian artery** develops from the right 4th pharyngeal arch artery, the 7th intersegmental artery, and the right dorsal aorta. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which of the following is the type of joint between epiphysis and diaphysis of a long bone?

Synchondrosis. ***Synchondrosis***- A **synchondrosis** is a cartilaginous joint in which the bone parts are united by **hyaline cartilage**. - The classic example is the **epiphyseal plate** (growth plate) found between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a growing long bone, which permits bone lengthening. [1] *Symphysis*- A **symphysis** is a type of cartilaginous joint where articulating surfaces are covered by hyaline cartilage but separated by a broad plate of **fibrocartilage**.- Examples include the **pubic symphysis** and the joints between vertebral bodies (intervertebral discs). *Synostosis*- A **synostosis** is an immobile bony joint formed when two bones grow together and completely fuse, typically resulting from the ossification of a fibrous or cartilaginous joint.- After skeletal maturity, the synchondrosis of the epiphyseal plate ultimately forms a **synostosis** (the epiphyseal line/scar). [1] *Syndesmosis*- A **syndesmosis** is a type of fibrous joint where articulating bones are joined by a sheet of fibrous tissue, specifically a **ligament** or an **interosseous membrane**.- Key examples include the distal **tibiofibular joint** and the joints between the shafts of the radius and ulna. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which nerve defect causes lagophthalmos?

7th nerve. ***7th nerve***- The **Facial nerve (CN VII)** is crucial for eyelid closure as it innervates the **orbicularis oculi** muscle, one of the muscles of facial expression.- Paralysis of the 7th nerve prevents the eye from closing fully, leading to the condition known as **lagophthalmos** and subsequent exposure keratopathy.*6th nerve*- The **Abducens nerve (CN VI)** innervates the **lateral rectus** muscle, which is responsible for abducting (moving outward) the eye.- A defect results in **esotropia** (inward turning of the eye) and horizontal diplopia, unrelated to eyelid function.*4th nerve*- The **Trochlear nerve (CN IV)** innervates the **superior oblique** muscle, assisting in depression and intorsion of the eye.- Defect typically causes characteristic vertical and torsional **diplopia**, often worse when looking down and in, and does not cause lagophthalmos.*5th nerve*- The **Trigeminal nerve (CN V)** is primarily the sensory nerve of the face, with the **ophthalmic division (V1)** providing sensation to the cornea.- While a V1 defect abolishes the **afferent limb of the corneal reflex** and can lead to neurotrophic keratopathy, it does not supply the motor function required for eyelid closure. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

A surgical procedure is performed on the great saphenous vein, around 2.5 cm anterior to the medial malleolus. Which of the following structures is most likely to be injured?

Accepted Answer

Saphenous nerve

Answer

Tibial nerve

Answer

Deep peroneal nerve

Answer

Sural nerve

Question 2

In the given image, the physician is trying to palpate which of the following arteries?

Accepted Answer

Posterior tibial artery

Answer

Anterior tibial artery

Answer

Lateral plantar artery

Answer

Dorsalis pedis artery

Question 3

Which of the following structures develop from the 6th pharyngeal arch artery on the left side?

Accepted Answer

Ductus arteriosus

Answer

Arch of Aorta

Answer

Subclavian artery

Answer

Carotid arteries

Question 4

Which of the following is the type of joint between epiphysis and diaphysis of a long bone?

Accepted Answer

Synchondrosis

Answer

Syndesmosis

Answer

Synostosis

Answer

Symphysis

Question 5

Which nerve defect causes lagophthalmos?

Accepted Answer

7th nerve

Answer

5th nerve

Answer

4th nerve

Answer

6th nerve

Question 6

Which nerve innervates the lateral rectus muscle?

Accepted Answer

A. Sixth nerve

Answer

B. Seventh nerve

Answer

C. Third nerve

Answer

D. Fourth nerve

Question 7

Identify the marked structure:

Accepted Answer

Internal capsule

Answer

Lateral ventricle

Answer

Body of fornix

Answer

Globus pallidus

Question 8

Which muscle is innervated by the Abducens nerve?

Accepted Answer

Lateral rectus

Answer

Medial rectus

Answer

Inferior oblique

Answer

Superior oblique

Question 9

Anencephaly occurs due to the inability of the neural tube to close at which week of intrauterine life?

Accepted Answer

4th week

Answer

2nd week

Answer

3rd week

Answer

5th week

Question 10

Which of the following structures does not form the boundary of Hesselbach's triangle?

Accepted Answer

Vas deferens

Answer

Inferior epigastric artery

Answer

Inguinal ligament

Answer

Rectus abdominis

FMGE 2024 — Anatomy