NEET-PG 2013 - Dermatology PYQs Practice Questions

Q: Acrodermatitis enteropathica is associated with a deficiency of which of the following?

Zinc. ***Zinc*** - Acrodermatitis enteropathica is a rare, inherited metabolic disorder characterized by a **deficiency in zinc absorption** or utilization. - Clinical manifestations include a characteristic **periorificial and acral dermatitis**, alopecia, and diarrhea, all of which respond dramatically to zinc supplementation. *Manganese* - Manganese is a trace element essential for various enzyme functions, but its deficiency does not cause acrodermatitis enteropathica. - Deficiency symptoms include impaired growth, skeletal abnormalities, and reproductive problems. *Copper* - Copper deficiency can lead to anemia, neutropenia, and neurological problems, but it is not associated with acrodermatitis enteropathica. - Conditions like Menkes disease involve problems with copper transport and metabolism. *Selenium* - Selenium deficiency can contribute to Keshan disease (cardiomyopathy) and impaired immune function. - It is not directly linked to the dermatological and gastrointestinal symptoms seen in acrodermatitis enteropathica. [Practice more Dermatology PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: What is the condition characterized by the hypertrophy of sebaceous glands?

Sebaceous hyperplasia. ***Sebaceous hyperplasia*** - This condition is characterized by the **enlargement (hypertrophy)** of normal sebaceous glands, often appearing as yellowish-white papules with a central umbilication. - It commonly occurs on the **face of older adults**, particularly on the forehead and cheeks, and is a benign condition. *Rhinosporidiosis* - This is a **chronic granulomatous disease** caused by the fungus *Rhinosporidium seeberi*, primarily affecting the **mucous membranes** of the nose and nasopharynx. - It presents as **friable, polypoidal masses** with a characteristic "strawberry-like" appearance due to small white spots (sporangia), not sebaceous gland hypertrophy. *Tubercular infection* - A tubercular infection, particularly cutaneous tuberculosis, can manifest in various forms, including **lupus vulgaris**, scrofuloderma, or tuberculosis cutis verrucosa. - These presentations involve **granulomatous inflammation** and tissue destruction, not isolated hypertrophy of sebaceous glands. *Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma* - This is a **rare, benign, highly vascular tumor** that originates in the nasopharynx, predominantly affecting adolescent males. - It typically presents with symptoms like **epistaxis** and **nasal obstruction**, and is composed of fibrous and vascular tissue, not sebaceous glands. [Practice more Dermatology PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which of the following statements is true about rhinophyma?

Acne rosacea. ***Acne rosacea*** - **Rhinophyma** is a severe form of **acne rosacea**, characterized by sebaceous gland hypertrophy and connective tissue hyperplasia on the nose. - It specifically represents the **phymatous subtype** of rosacea, which involves thickening of the skin. *Premalignant* - Rhinophyma itself is generally **not considered premalignant** to skin cancer. - While skin cancers like **basal cell carcinoma** can rarely occur within rhinophyma, the condition itself does not inherently transform into malignancy. *Common in alcoholics* - This is a **common misconception**; while often associated with heavy alcohol use, there is no direct causal link. - The development of rhinophyma is primarily driven by the underlying pathogenesis of **rosacea**, not alcohol consumption. *Fungal etiology* - Rhinophyma is primarily an inflammatory skin condition, not caused by **fungal infection**. - Its etiology is complex, involving genetics, environmental triggers, and vascular dysregulation, but **microbial involvement** is typically bacterial (e.g., Demodex mites) rather than fungal. [Practice more Dermatology PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: The Grattage test is used to diagnose which of the following conditions?

Psoriasis. ***Psoriasis*** - The **Grattage test** (candle grease sign) involves **scraping the psoriatic lesion** to reveal characteristic features - First reveals **fine, silvery-white scales** resembling candle wax - Further scraping exposes **pinpoint bleeding points** (**Auspitz sign**) due to exposure of dilated capillaries in dermal papillae - This combination is **pathognomonic for psoriasis** and helps differentiate it from other scaly dermatoses *Tinea capitis* - A **fungal infection of the scalp** caused by dermatophytes - Diagnosed by **KOH mount** (showing fungal hyphae), **fungal culture**, and sometimes **Wood's lamp examination** - The Grattage test is not used for diagnosing fungal infections *Lichen planus* - Characterized by **purplish, polygonal, flat-topped, pruritic papules and plaques** - Surface shows **Wickham's striae** (fine white lines) - Diagnosis is **clinical**, supported by **skin biopsy** showing band-like lymphocytic infiltrate and sawtooth rete ridges - The Grattage test is not applicable *Pemphigus vulgaris* - A severe **autoimmune blistering disorder** with **suprabasal acantholysis** - Presents with **flaccid bullae** that rupture easily, leaving erosions - Diagnosed by **skin biopsy**, **direct immunofluorescence** (intercellular IgG and C3 deposits), and **Nikolsky's sign** (positive) - The Grattage test is not used for bullous disorders [Practice more Dermatology PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Schamberg's purpura is seen on?

Feet. ***Feet*** - Schamberg's purpura, also known as **progressive pigmented purpuric dermatosis**, most commonly affects the **lower extremities**, particularly the feet and ankles. - The characteristic reddish-brown patches with "cayenne pepper" spots are due to **capillary inflammation** and extravasation of red blood cells. *Face* - While purpura can occur on the face due to other conditions, Schamberg's purpura **rarely presents in this location**. - Facial lesions often suggest different underlying etiologies, such as **vasculitis** or trauma. *Chest* - The chest is an **uncommon site** for Schamberg's purpura. - Involvement of the trunk is less typical compared to the dependent areas of the legs. *Arms* - Although the arms can occasionally be affected, the **feet and lower legs are the predominant sites** for Schamberg's purpura due to factors like **gravity** and hydrostatic pressure. - When present on the arms, it might indicate a more widespread or atypical presentation. [Practice more Dermatology PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

Acrodermatitis enteropathica is associated with a deficiency of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Zinc

Answer

Manganese

Answer

Copper

Answer

Selenium

Question 2

What is the condition characterized by the hypertrophy of sebaceous glands?

Accepted Answer

Sebaceous hyperplasia

Answer

Rhinosporidiosis

Answer

Tubercular infection

Answer

Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true about rhinophyma?

Accepted Answer

Acne rosacea

Answer

Premalignant

Answer

Common in alcoholics

Answer

Fungal etiology

Question 4

The Grattage test is used to diagnose which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Psoriasis

Answer

Tinea capitis

Answer

Lichen planus

Answer

Pemphigus vulgaris

Question 5

Schamberg's purpura is seen on?

Accepted Answer

Feet

Answer

Face

Answer

Chest

Answer

Arms

Question 6

A 25-year-old patient presents with chronic itchy, erythematous skin lesions on the flexural areas that have been recurring since childhood. The patient has a family history of asthma. Which of the following is the most important diagnostic criterion for the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Chronic pruritic eczema with typical morphology and distribution

Answer

Personal or family history of atopy

Answer

Elevated serum IgE levels

Answer

Early age of onset (before 2 years)

Question 7

Brown macular pigmentation in malar area in a pregnant female is due to ?

Accepted Answer

Chloasma

Answer

Urticaric pigmentosa

Answer

Acanthosis nigricans

Answer

Acne rosacea

Question 8

Most common metal in contact allergic dermatitis is?

Accepted Answer

Nickel

Answer

Gold

Answer

Silver

Answer

Aluminum

Question 9

Which type of ultraviolet radiation causes the most skin disorders?

Accepted Answer

UV-B

Answer

UV-A

Answer

UV-C

Answer

None of the options

Question 10

Characteristic of chronic eczema?

Accepted Answer

Lichenification

Answer

Erythema

Answer

Induration

Answer

Edema

NEET-PG 2013 — Dermatology