NEET-PG 2020 - Community Medicine PYQs Practice Questions

Q: Targeted screening for communicable diseases is most commonly implemented in which population?

Immigrant screening. ***Immigrant screening*** - Targeted screening for communicable diseases such as **tuberculosis**, **hepatitis B**, and **HIV** is commonly implemented in immigrants due to varied disease prevalence in their countries of origin and potential for public health impact. - This screening aims to **prevent the spread** of these diseases within the host country and ensure appropriate medical attention for new arrivals. *Newborns for thyroid disease* - This is an example of **universal newborn screening** for a **non-communicable disease** (congenital hypothyroidism), not targeted screening for communicable diseases. - The purpose is early detection of conditions that can cause **developmental delays** if untreated, not preventing infection spread. *Diabetes mellitus* - Screening for **diabetes** focuses on a **non-communicable metabolic disorder**. - Screening typically targets individuals with risk factors like obesity, family history, or certain ethnic backgrounds, but it's not for communicable diseases. *Cervical cancer screening with Pap smear* - This screens for **cancer** (a non-communicable disease) caused by the **human papillomavirus (HPV)**, but the screening itself is not primarily for a communicable disease. - The Pap smear primarily detects **precancerous and cancerous changes** in cervical cells, rather than active HPV infection or other communicable diseases. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: A patient with the following feature shown in the image. The patient reports having another 3-year-old sibling at home, who is fully immunized as per the immunization schedule. What is the best measure to prevent diphtheria in the sibling of the child with diphtheria?

Give prophylactic erythromycin. ***Correct: Give prophylactic erythromycin*** - Erythromycin is the **recommended antimicrobial prophylaxis** for close contacts of diphtheria patients to eradicate *Corynebacterium diphtheriae* carriage. - This prevents asymptomatic carriers from transmitting the bacteria, even if vaccinated, as vaccination provides immunity against the toxin, not necessarily against carriage. *Incorrect: Give diphtheria toxoid booster* - While immunization reduces the risk of symptomatic diphtheria disease by inducing **antitoxin immunity**, it does not reliably prevent nasal or pharyngeal carriage of the bacteria. - A booster might be considered if the last dose was more than 5 years ago, but it is not the primary immediate measure to prevent transmission from a known contact. *Incorrect: Give a full course of DPT vaccine* - The patient's sibling is already reported to be **fully immunized**, implying they have received the appropriate doses of the DPT vaccine according to the immunization schedule. - Giving a full course when already immunized would be redundant and ineffective to prevent immediate exposure and potential carriage. *Incorrect: Nothing is required to be done* - Close contacts of diphtheria cases are at **high risk of acquiring and transmitting the infection**, even if they are fully immunized, as immunization protects against the toxin but not necessarily carriage. - Failure to intervene would allow potential colonization and transmission, posing a risk to the community and the contact themselves. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Maximum work hours for a person including overtime under the Factories Act:

60 hours. ***60 hours*** - Under the **Factories Act**, the total number of hours worked by an adult in any week, including **overtime**, shall not exceed **sixty hours**. - This limit is crucial for ensuring workers' health and safety, preventing **over-fatigue**, and promoting a reasonable work-life balance. *48 hours* - The **Factories Act** stipulates that no adult worker shall be required or allowed to work in a factory for more than **forty-eight hours in any week**. - However, this limit refers to the standard work week and **does not include overtime**, which is allowed within an additional limit. *50 hours* - This option is incorrect as it does not align with the maximum weekly work hours, including overtime, stipulated by the **Factories Act**. - There is no specific provision in the **Factories Act** that sets a combined standard and overtime work limit at exactly 50 hours per week. *100 hours* - This option is significantly higher than the maximum work hours allowed by the **Factories Act**, including overtime. - Working 100 hours per week would be a serious violation of labor laws, as it would expose workers to **severe health risks** and **occupational hazards**. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Blood bags are disposed of in

Yellow bag. ***Yellow bag*** - **Yellow bags** are designated for **infectious waste** including items contaminated with **blood and body fluids** according to **Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016**. - **Blood bags** (both used and expired) are specifically categorized under **soiled waste** requiring disposal in **yellow bags**. - This waste is either incinerated or subjected to plasma pyrolysis to eliminate **bloodborne pathogens**. *Red bag* - **Red bags** are used for **contaminated recyclable waste** such as tubing, catheters, IV sets (without needles), and gloves. - While red bags handle contaminated items, they are meant for waste that can potentially be recycled after appropriate treatment, **not for blood bags**. *Black bag* - **Black bags** are designated for **general non-infectious waste** (municipal solid waste) such as paper, packaging materials, and food waste. - Disposing blood bags in black bags would violate **biomedical waste management regulations** and pose serious **infection control risks**. *White bag* - **White bags/containers** are puncture-proof containers used for **sharp waste** including needles, scalpels, and broken glass. - Blood bags are not classified as sharps and require different disposal methods due to their **infectious liquid content**. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Identify the image below:

Female condom. ***Female condom*** - The image displays a **sheath with two rings**, one at each end, which is characteristic of a female condom. The inner ring aids in insertion and secures it inside the vagina, while the outer ring remains outside. - Female condoms are made of **nitrile** or **polyurethane**, making them suitable for individuals with latex allergies, and they can be inserted several hours before intercourse. *Male condom* - A male condom is a **sheath with a rolled rim** at one end and a reservoir tip at the other, designed to be placed over an erect penis. - It does not feature the prominent double-ring structure seen in the image. *Chaaya* - "Chaaya" is not a recognized term for a contraceptive device or a medical instrument. - This option is irrelevant in the context of identifying a personal barrier contraceptive. *Today* - "Today Sponge" is a brand of **contraceptive sponge**, which is a soft, disposable, polyurethane sponge containing spermicide. - The image clearly depicts a sheath-like device with rings, not a sponge. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

Targeted screening for communicable diseases is most commonly implemented in which population?

Accepted Answer

Immigrant screening

Answer

Newborns for thyroid disease

Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Answer

Cervical cancer screening with Pap smear

Question 2

A patient with the following feature shown in the image. The patient reports having another 3-year-old sibling at home, who is fully immunized as per the immunization schedule. What is the best measure to prevent diphtheria in the sibling of the child with diphtheria?

Accepted Answer

Give prophylactic erythromycin

Answer

Give diphtheria toxoid booster

Answer

Give a full course of DPT vaccine

Answer

Nothing is required to be done

Question 3

Maximum work hours for a person including overtime under the Factories Act:

Accepted Answer

60 hours

Answer

48 hours

Answer

50 hours

Answer

100 hours

Question 4

Blood bags are disposed of in

Accepted Answer

Yellow bag

Answer

Black bag

Answer

Red bag

Answer

White bag

Question 5

Identify the image below:

Accepted Answer

Female condom

Answer

Male condom

Answer

Chaaya

Answer

Today

Question 6

As per the Sustainable Development Goals, what is the target for Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR)?

Accepted Answer

< 70 per 100,000 live births

Answer

< 100 per 100,000 live births

Answer

< 7 per 1,000 live births

Answer

< 10 per 1,000 live births

Question 7

Extended sickness benefit for tuberculosis under the ESI Act is:

Accepted Answer

2 years

Answer

91 days

Answer

4 years

Answer

1 year

Question 8

In which of the following methods of management is the benefit measured in natural units?

Accepted Answer

Cost-effectiveness analysis

Answer

Network analysis

Answer

Cost-benefit analysis

Answer

Program budgeting system

Question 9

Which of the following diseases is primarily water-related?

Accepted Answer

Cholera

Answer

Scabies

Answer

Yellow fever

Answer

Dysentery

Question 10

A researcher wanted to prove the relation between COPD and smoking. He collected patients records from government hospitals and records of cigarette sales from the finance and taxation department. This is an example of which study design:

Accepted Answer

Ecological study

Answer

Cross-sectional

Answer

Posological study

Answer

Operations research

NEET-PG 2020 — Community Medicine