NEET-PG 2012 - Pediatrics PYQs Practice Questions

Q: What is the most common presentation of tuberculosis (TB) in children?

Hilar adenopathy. ***Hilar adenopathy*** - **Hilar adenopathy** is the most common radiographic finding in children with **primary tuberculosis**, reflecting lymph node involvement. - This is often accompanied by a small parenchymal lesion, forming the **Ghon complex**. *Abscess* - While TB can cause abscesses (e.g., cold abscesses in bone or soft tissue), it's not the **most common initial presentation** of primary childhood TB. - Abscess formation suggests a more **advanced or extrapulmonary** manifestation. *Consolidation* - **Consolidation** can be seen in adult-type or progressive primary TB, but it is less frequent than hilar adenopathy as the **initial presentation** in children. - It indicates **pneumonia-like changes** due to parenchymal inflammation. *CNS tuberculosis* - **Central Nervous System (CNS) tuberculosis** (e.g., tuberculous meningitis or tuberculoma) is a severe, extrapulmonary form of TB. - It is a **serious complication** rather than the most common initial presentation in children. [Practice more Pediatrics PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: What is the frequency of renal involvement in Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP)?

40-60%. ***40-60%*** - Renal involvement in Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is common, affecting approximately **40-60% of patients**. - Renal complications can range from microscopic hematuria to proteinuria, and in some cases, **progressive glomerulonephritis** leading to renal failure. *25-35%* - This percentage underestimates the actual frequency of **renal complications** in HSP. - While mild symptoms might fall within this range, a broader spectrum of renal manifestations is observed. *60-80%* - This percentage overestimates the reported frequency of **renal involvement** in HSP. - Although it is common, a majority of patients do not develop renal symptoms. *5-10%* - This range is too low for the frequency of **renal involvement** in HSP. - Even though it's benign in many cases, some form of renal pathology like hematuria is quite frequent. [Practice more Pediatrics PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: What is the venous hematocrit level at which you will diagnose polycythemia in a newborn?

65%. ***Correct: 65%*** - **Polycythemia** in a newborn is typically diagnosed when the **venous hematocrit** is **≥65%**. - This threshold indicates an abnormally high concentration of **red blood cells**, increasing blood viscosity. *Incorrect: 55%* - A venous hematocrit of 55% is generally considered within the **normal range** for a newborn, especially within the first few hours of life. - It does not meet the criteria for diagnosing **polycythemia**. *Incorrect: 60%* - While 60% is elevated compared to adult norms, it is still generally within the higher end of the **normal range** for an infant. - This level alone is usually **not sufficient** to diagnose **polycythemia** or warrant intervention without other clinical signs. *Incorrect: 70%* - A venous hematocrit of 70% definitely indicates **polycythemia** and significant **hyperviscosity**. - However, the diagnostic threshold for polycythemia is **65%**, meaning the condition is identified earlier. [Practice more Pediatrics PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: What is the amount of protein (in grams) in human milk per 100 milliliters?

1.1. ***1.1*** - Human milk contains approximately **1.1 grams of protein per 100 milliliters**, which is appropriate for the growth and development of infants. - The protein composition of human milk is lower than that of cow's milk, but it is highly bioavailable and easily digestible due to the presence of **whey protein** and **casein**. *2.2* - This value is significantly higher than the typical protein content found in human milk. Such a high concentration could potentially strain an infant's immature kidneys. - The **protein content of cow's milk** (around 3.3-3.5 g/100ml) is much higher than human milk and is not suitable for routine infant feeding without modification. *3.3* - This protein concentration is also substantially higher than what is naturally found in human milk, possibly exceeding an infant's metabolic needs and kidney function. - This value is closer to the protein content of **unmodified cow's milk**, which is why it is often diluted or altered for infant formula. *4.4* - This protein amount is exceptionally high and not representative of natural human milk. - Excessive protein intake in infants could increase the risk of **obesity later in life** and place an undue burden on the **renal system**. [Practice more Pediatrics PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Congenital varicella infection causes all except:

Macrocephaly. ***Macrocephaly*** - **Macrocephaly** is generally not a direct consequence of congenital varicella infection; rather, **microcephaly** due to brain damage is more commonly observed. - Congenital varicella typically causes destructive lesions leading to tissue loss, not increased head circumference. *Cortical atrophy* - **Cortical atrophy** results from the destructive effects of the virus on the developing brain, leading to **neuronal loss** and reduced brain volume. - This can manifest as **microcephaly**, an indirect but common finding associated with congenital varicella. *Cicatrix* - **Cicatrix** (zig-zag scarring) is a classic dermatological manifestation of congenital varicella, resulting from the virus's impact on developing skin. - These characteristic **skin lesions** are one of the most identifiable features of the syndrome. *Limb hypoplasia* - **Limb hypoplasia**, involving underdeveloped limbs, is a hallmark feature of congenital varicella, often due to **viral damage** to limb buds and associated neural structures. - This can lead to **bone shortening** and muscle atrophy in affected limbs. [Practice more Pediatrics PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

What is the most common presentation of tuberculosis (TB) in children?

Accepted Answer

Hilar adenopathy

Answer

Abscess

Answer

Consolidation

Answer

CNS tuberculosis

Question 2

What is the frequency of renal involvement in Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP)?

Accepted Answer

40-60%

Answer

25-35%

Answer

60-80%

Answer

5-10%

Question 3

What is the venous hematocrit level at which you will diagnose polycythemia in a newborn?

Accepted Answer

65%

Answer

55%

Answer

60%

Answer

70%

Question 4

What is the amount of protein (in grams) in human milk per 100 milliliters?

Accepted Answer

1.1

Answer

2.2

Answer

3.3

Answer

4.4

Question 5

Congenital varicella infection causes all except:

Accepted Answer

Macrocephaly

Answer

Cortical atrophy

Answer

Cicatrix

Answer

Limb hypoplasia

Question 6

When should breastfeeding be initiated after a normal delivery?

Accepted Answer

Immediately after delivery

Answer

2 hours after delivery

Answer

4 hours after delivery

Answer

6 hours after delivery

Question 7

What is correct about febrile seizures

Accepted Answer

Normal EEG

Answer

Focal deficits

Answer

Repeated seizure

Answer

Abnormal EEG

Question 8

Rehydration therapy in a 2 year old severely dehydrated child is -

Accepted Answer

30 ml/kg in 30 min, 70 ml/kg in 2.5 hours

Answer

75 ml/kg in 4 hours

Answer

30 ml/kg in 1 hour, 70 ml/kg in 5 hours

Answer

20 ml/kg in 30 min, 80 ml/kg in 2.5 hours

Question 9

Treatment of simple febrile convulsion is based on

Accepted Answer

Control of fever

Answer

Rectal diazepam

Answer

CSF finding

Answer

Blood reports

Question 10

What is the most common cause of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia in infants?

Accepted Answer

Biliary atresia

Answer

Rotor syndrome

Answer

Crigler Najjar syndrome

Answer

Dubin-Johnson syndrome

NEET-PG 2012 — Pediatrics