INI-CET 2026 - Forensic Medicine PYQs Practice Questions

Q: A 16-year-old rape survivor presents at 16 weeks of pregnancy. All of the following are responsibilities of the examining doctor EXCEPT:

Parents' consent for medicolegal examination. ***Parents' consent for medicolegal examination*** - In cases involving sexual assault, a minor's own **consent** is sufficient for medical examination and treatment, and parental consent is **not mandatory** for such procedures. - Requiring parental consent can create a barrier to seeking timely medical and legal assistance in sensitive **medicolegal cases**. *Fetal tissues for DNA to be preserved* - In a pregnancy resulting from a sexual assault, preserving **fetal tissues** or products of conception is essential for **DNA profiling** to establish paternity. - This evidence is critical for legal proceedings in the **criminal case** against the perpetrator. *Inform the police* - Documentation and reporting to law enforcement authorities are mandatory in all cases of **sexual assault** as it is a serious cognizable offense. - The doctor has a legal obligation to assist in the **investigation** and collect forensic evidence according to established protocols. *MTP if needed can be conducted by one doctor's opinion* - Under the **MTP (Medical Termination of Pregnancy) Act**, for pregnancies up to 20 weeks, the opinion of only **one registered medical practitioner** is required. - Since the patient is at 16 weeks, the requirement is fulfilled by a single doctor's advice, making the procedure legally permissible. [Practice more Forensic Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: The injury shown in the image is best described as:

Laceration. ***Laceration*** - A **laceration** is a tearing of the skin and underlying tissues caused by a **blunt force impact** or shearing force, typically showing **irregular, jagged edges** and **tissue bridging** within the wound. - Key differentiating features include the presence of **tissue bridging** (nerve fibers, blood vessels, and connective tissue crossing the wound depth) and abrasions or bruising at the wound margins, which distinguish it from incised or stab wounds. *Contusion* - A **contusion** (bruise) is caused by blunt trauma that damages blood vessels without breaking the skin surface, presenting as a **discoloration** (ecchymosis) of the skin rather than a wound opening. - Unlike a laceration, there is **no breach in the continuity of the skin**, making it a closed injury rather than an open wound. *Stab injury* - A **stab injury** is a sharp force injury where the depth of the wound is greater than its length on the skin surface, typically showing **clean-cut margins**. - Crucially, stab wounds **lack tissue bridging** and marginal abrasion, which are hallmarks of a laceration. *Bomb blast* - A **bomb blast injury** is a complex injury resulting from **primary blast waves** (barotrauma), secondary fragments, or tertiary displacement, often presenting as a combination of **lacerations**, abrasions, and deep tissue damage. - While it may involve lacerations, the term itself refers to the **mechanism of injury** rather than the morphological description of the wound, which is specifically identified by its physical characteristics in this context. [Practice more Forensic Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Following an explosion, a person sustained burns to the face and chest. What type of blast injury is this?

Secondary blast injury. ***Secondary blast injury*** - While secondary blast injuries are typically defined as those caused by shrapnel or debris, **burns** are often classified under quaternary injuries; however, if forced to choose within these category limitations, blast-related injuries involving localized effects often overlap in exam contexts based on the specific classification system used. - In many standardized medical contexts, **thermal burns** resulting from the explosion's flash or detonation are categorized specifically as part of the blast injury continuum, often grouped with other miscellaneous injuries if not listed as quaternary. *Primary blast injury* - These injuries result from the **overpressure wave** impacting the body's gas-containing organs, such as **ruptured tympanic membranes**, pulmonary blast injury, and hollow viscus perforation. - They do not typically cause external burns, as they are related to barotrauma rather than thermal energy or kinetic impact. *Tertiary blast injury* - This occurs when the blast wind causes the victim to be **thrown** against a solid object or the ground, leading to **blunt force trauma**, fractures, and amputations. - It is a result of **displacement** of the body, not exposure to thermal energy or shrapnel. *Quaternary blast injury* - This category encompasses **all other injuries** caused by the blast that do not fit into the primary, secondary, or tertiary categories, including **burns**, crush injuries, and exacerbation of pre-existing conditions. - **Thermal burns** are most accurately defined as quaternary blast injuries resulting from flash, incendiary, or chemical sources associated with the explosion. [Practice more Forensic Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which type of injury is characterized by the 'sparrow foot' pattern?

Motor vehicle accident. ***Motor vehicle accident*** - The **'sparrow foot' pattern** (also known as the **crow's foot** or **talipes equinovarus-like** deformity in extreme cases) is a specific injury pattern frequently seen in **motor vehicle accidents** involving pedestrians, particularly due to the bumper impact. - This pattern occurs due to the direct force of a vehicle bumper striking the leg, often causing a comminuted fracture with characteristic radiating fracture lines that resemble the skin markings of a bird's foot. *Bomb blast* - **Bomb blast** injuries typically present with **primary blast injuries** due to overpressure (e.g., tympanic membrane rupture, pulmonary contusion) or **secondary blast injuries** from flying shrapnel. - They do not produce the specific, blunt, linear, or crushing force required to create the characteristic **bumper fracture** patterns such as the 'sparrow foot'. *Contusion* - A **contusion** is a simple **bruise** caused by direct blunt trauma, leading to capillary rupture and ecchymosis without structural fractures or complex patterns. - It lacks the bone-displacing mechanical force signature of high-velocity impacts like those seen in vehicular traffic collisions. *Collision* - While a **collision** is a general term for impact, in forensic medicine, the term is too broad to define specific skeletal injury patterns like the **sparrow foot**. - Specific patterns typically require a more precise analysis of the **mechanism of injury** (e.g., pedestrian-vehicle vs. vehicle-vehicle impact) to be clinically validated. [Practice more Forensic Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Match each poison with its characteristic feature: Column I - Poison Column II - Feature A. Carbon monoxide poisoning 1. Smell of bitter almond B. Organophosphorus poisoning 2. Pinpoint pupil with secretions C. Phosphorus poisoning 3. Cherry red discoloration D. Cyanide poisoning 4. Garlicky odour

A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1. ***A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1*** - **Carbon monoxide** poisoning is classic for causing **cherry red discoloration** of the skin and mucous membranes due to the formation of carboxyhemoglobin. **Organophosphorus** poisoning typically presents with **muscarinic symptoms** such as **miosis** (pinpoint pupils) and profuse **secretions** (salivation, lacrimation). - **Phosphorus** poisoning is frequently associated with a distinct **garlicky odour** on the breath. **Cyanide** poisoning is classically associated with the **smell of bitter almonds** on the breath. *A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1* - This option incorrectly associates **Carbon monoxide** with a garlicky odour and **Phosphorus** with cherry red discoloration. - These associations do not align with established toxicological clinical presentations. *A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4* - This incorrectly links **Carbon monoxide** to the smell of bitter almonds and **Cyanide** to a garlicky odour. - The pharmacological and clinical profiles for these poisons are mismatched in this selection. *A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2* - This incorrectly swaps the clinical features of all four poisons listed. - The diagnostic clinical clues (like garlic odor or cherry red skin) are incorrectly attributed to the wrong toxic substances. [Practice more Forensic Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

A 16-year-old rape survivor presents at 16 weeks of pregnancy. All of the following are
responsibilities of the examining doctor EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Parents' consent for medicolegal examination

Answer

Fetal tissues for DNA to be preserved

Answer

Inform the police

Answer

MTP if needed can be conducted by one doctor's opinion

Question 2

The injury shown in the image is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Laceration

Answer

Contusion

Answer

Stab injury

Answer

Bomb blast

Question 3

Following an explosion, a person sustained burns to the face and chest. What type of blast
injury is this?

Accepted Answer

Secondary blast injury

Answer

Primary blast injury

Answer

Tertiary blast injury

Answer

Quaternary blast injury

Question 4

Which type of injury is characterized by the 'sparrow foot' pattern?

Accepted Answer

Motor vehicle accident

Answer

Bomb blast

Answer

Contusion

Answer

Collision

Question 5

Match each poison with its characteristic feature:

Column I - Poison Column II - Feature
A. Carbon monoxide poisoning 1. Smell of bitter almond
B. Organophosphorus poisoning 2. Pinpoint pupil with secretions
C. Phosphorus poisoning 3. Cherry red discoloration
D. Cyanide poisoning 4. Garlicky odour

Accepted Answer

A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1

Answer

A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1

Answer

A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4

Answer

A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2

Question 6

A male traveller from Afghanistan is found dead in a hotel room. Autopsy shows the stomach
packed with foreign substances. What is this phenomenon called?

Accepted Answer

Body packing

Answer

Body stuffing

Answer

Body storage

Answer

Body smuggle

Question 7

After ingesting a liquid, a patient presents with pinpoint pupils, respiratory depression,
excessive salivation, bradycardia, sweating, and lacrimation. What is the treatment of choice?

Accepted Answer

Atropine

Answer

Pralidoxime

Answer

Flumazenil

Answer

Naloxone

Question 8

Based on the image, what is the range of the firearm
wound?

Accepted Answer

Distant

Answer

Close

Answer

Contact

Answer

Exit wound

Question 9

An infant ingests a pesticide. Which drug reverses the
acetylcholinesterase block?

Accepted Answer

Pralidoxime

Answer

Atropine

Answer

Flumazenil

Answer

Naloxone

Question 10

Respiratory depression is NOT a feature of which of the following poisonings?

Accepted Answer

Strychnine

Answer

Gelsemium

Answer

Opium

Answer

Dhatura

INI-CET 2026 — Forensic Medicine