NEET-PG 2015 Practice Questions

Q: Which of the following statements about the femoral triangle is NOT true?

Floor is formed by adductor longus. ***Floor is formed by adductor longus*** - The floor of the femoral triangle is actually formed by the **iliopsoas** laterally and the **pectineus** medially. - The **adductor longus** forms part of the medial boundary of the femoral triangle, not its floor. - This is the INCORRECT statement (correct answer for a "NOT true" question). *Contains the femoral vessels* - The femoral triangle is a crucial anatomical space containing the **femoral artery**, **femoral vein**, and **femoral nerve**. - These structures are organized from lateral to medial as nerve, artery, vein (NAVY). *Lateral margin is formed by sartorius* - The **sartorius muscle** forms the lateral boundary of the femoral triangle. - Its medial border defines one of the triangle's sides. *Medial margin is formed by adductor longus* - The **adductor longus** does form the medial boundary of the femoral triangle. - This is anatomically correct along with the inguinal ligament (superior boundary) and sartorius (lateral boundary).

Q: What is the uppermost structure in left lung hilum?

Pulmonary artery. ***Pulmonary artery*** - In the **left lung hilum**, the **pulmonary artery** typically lies superior to the bronchus. - This anatomical position helps differentiate it from the relations in the right lung hilum, where the pulmonary artery is anterior to the bronchus. *Pulmonary vein* - The **pulmonary veins** are usually located anterior and inferior to the bronchus in both lung hila. - They tend to be the most anterior and inferior structures carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs. *Bronchial artery* - **Bronchial arteries** are smaller vessels that typically run on the posterior surface of the bronchi. - They are not considered the uppermost main structure in the hilum. *Left mainstem bronchus* - The **left mainstem bronchus** is usually found inferior to the pulmonary artery and posterior to the pulmonary veins in the left hilum. - It is a prominent structure but not the most superior.

Q: Which of the following is NOT a feature of facial nerve palsy?

Loss of taste sensation from posterior tongue. Loss of taste sensation from posterior tongue - The **facial nerve (CN VII)** carries taste fibers from the **anterior two-thirds of the tongue** via the **chorda tympani**. - **Taste sensation** from the **posterior one-third of the tongue** is mediated by the **glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)**, so its loss would not be a feature of facial nerve palsy. *Loss of lacrimation* - The facial nerve provides **parasympathetic innervation** to the **lacrimal glands** via the **greater petrosal nerve**. - Damage to the facial nerve proximal to the geniculate ganglion can lead to **reduced tear production** on the affected side. [1] *Facial muscle paralysis* - The facial nerve is the primary motor nerve for the **muscles of facial expression**. [1] - Injury to this nerve results in varying degrees of **weakness or paralysis** of the facial muscles, leading to drooping and difficulty with facial movements. [1] *Loss of salivation* - The facial nerve carries **parasympathetic fibers** to the **submandibular** and **sublingual salivary glands** via the **chorda tympani**. - A lesion affecting the facial nerve can therefore impair **salivary gland function**, leading to reduced saliva production.

Q: Lips do not drain into which group of lymph nodes?

Preauricular parotid. ***Preauricular parotid*** - Lymph from the lips primarily drains into the **submental**, **submandibular**, and **deep cervical lymph nodes** [1]. - **Preauricular parotid nodes** primarily drain the lateral surface of the auricle, external auditory canal, temporoparietal scalp, and lateral parts of the eyelids and cheek. - The lips do **NOT** drain into preauricular nodes. *Submandibular nodes* - The **lateral parts of the lower lip** and the **entire upper lip** drain into the submandibular lymph nodes [1]. - These nodes are a primary drainage pathway for the oral region. *Submental nodes* - The **central part of the lower lip** drains into the submental lymph nodes [1]. - These nodes lie between the anterior bellies of the digastric muscles beneath the chin. - They receive lymph from the central lower lip, floor of mouth, and tip of tongue. *None of the options* - This option is incorrect because there is a specific group of nodes listed that the lips do *not* drain into (preauricular parotid).

Q: Uvula vesicae seen in bladder is formed from the following structure?

Median lobe of the prostate. ***Median lobe of the prostate*** - The **uvula vesicae** is a slight median elevation on the internal surface of the **bladder base**, immediately behind the **internal urethral orifice**. - This elevation is formed by the underlying **median (middle) lobe of the prostate** projecting upward beneath the bladder mucosa. - In **benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)**, enlargement of the median lobe accentuates this prominence and can cause significant urinary obstruction. *Lateral lobe of the prostate* - Enlargement of the **lateral lobes** causes lateral compression of the prostatic urethra, not a median elevation at the bladder neck. - While they are the most common site of **BPH**, they do not form the uvula vesicae. *Anterior lobe of the prostate* - The **anterior lobe** (or anterior fibromuscular stroma) is located in front of the urethra and is non-glandular. - It does not contribute to the formation of the uvula vesicae or cause significant urinary symptoms. *Posterior lobe of the prostate* - The **posterior lobe** is located behind the urethra and is the most common site for **prostate cancer**. - It does not project into the bladder base and therefore does not form the uvula vesicae.

Q: What is the posterior relation of the neck of the pancreas?

Origin of portal vein. ***Origin of portal vein*** - The **neck of the pancreas** is intimately associated with the formation of the **hepatic portal vein** [1]. - The **superior mesenteric vein** and **splenic vein** unite behind the pancreatic neck to form the **hepatic portal vein** [1]. *IVC* - The **inferior vena cava (IVC)** lies posterior to the **head of the pancreas**, not the neck. - While it's in proximity, it does not directly relate to the neck in the same way the portal vein does. *Aorta* - The **abdominal aorta** lies posterior to the **body** and **tail of the pancreas**, further superior and to the left. - It is not a direct posterior relation of the pancreatic neck. *Common bile duct* - The **common bile duct** passes through a groove on the posterior surface of the pancreatic **head**, sometimes even embedded within it. - It is not a direct posterior relation of the pancreatic neck, which is a different segment.

Q: Superior vena cava develops from?

Right anterior cardinal vein. Right anterior cardinal vein - The superior vena cava (SVC) forms from the right anterior cardinal vein and the common cardinal vein. - The right anterior cardinal vein directly contributes to the upper portion of the SVC. Left anterior cardinal vein - The left anterior cardinal vein typically regresses or becomes minor tributaries like the left SVC (if persistent) or the coronary sinus. - It does not form the main superior vena cava. Left common cardinal vein - The left common cardinal vein forms the coronary sinus and an oblique vein of the left atrium. - While major vessels drain into it, it does not directly form the superior vena cava. Right subcardinal vein - The right subcardinal vein is primarily involved in the development of the inferior vena cava (IVC), particularly its renal segment. - It does not contribute to the formation of the superior vena cava.

Q: Superficial inguinal ring is a defect in the:

External oblique aponeurosis. ***External oblique aponeurosis*** - The **superficial inguinal ring** is a triangular opening in the **aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle** [1]. - It allows passage of the **spermatic cord** in males and the **round ligament of the uterus** in females. *Transverse abdominis aponeurosis* - The **transverse abdominis aponeurosis** contributes to the posterior wall of the **inguinal canal**, but not the superficial inguinal ring itself [2]. - The deepest abdominal muscle, its aponeurosis forms the **conjoint tendon** with the internal oblique aponeurosis. *Internal oblique muscle* - The **internal oblique muscle** forms the arching roof and part of the anterior wall of the **inguinal canal** [2]. - Its aponeurosis contributes to the **conjoint tendon** and the falx inguinalis. *Internal oblique aponeurosis* - The **internal oblique aponeurosis** is part of the anterior wall and forms the conjoint tendon with the transverse abdominis aponeurosis [2]. - This aponeurosis does not form the superficial inguinal ring; instead, it is found deeper to the external oblique aponeurosis.

Q: A nerve injured during axillary lymph node dissection leads to loss of sensation in the medial side of the arm. Which nerve is injured?

Intercostobrachial nerve. ***Intercostobrachial nerve*** - The **intercostobrachial nerve** (T2) is the nerve most commonly injured during **axillary lymph node dissection** - It provides **sensory innervation to the medial side of the upper arm**, specifically the skin over the medial and posterior aspects of the arm [1] - This nerve arises from the **lateral cutaneous branch of the second intercostal nerve** and crosses the axilla to reach the arm [1] - Injury during axillary surgery results in **numbness or paresthesia** in the medial upper arm region, which is a well-recognized complication of breast cancer surgery with axillary node dissection [1] - Studies show **30-80% of patients** undergoing axillary dissection experience intercostobrachial nerve injury *Long thoracic nerve* - The **long thoracic nerve** (C5-C7) innervates the **serratus anterior muscle**, which is crucial for scapular protraction and rotation - Damage to this nerve causes **"winged scapula"**, where the scapula protrudes posteriorly - This is a **motor nerve**, not sensory, so injury does not result in sensory deficits in the arm *Medial pectoral nerve* - The **medial pectoral nerve** (C8-T1) primarily innervates the **pectoralis major** and **pectoralis minor** muscles [1] - This is a **motor nerve** playing a role in muscle function rather than sensation [1] - Injury would result in weakness of these muscles, not sensory loss *Accessory nerve* - The **accessory nerve** (cranial nerve XI) innervates the **sternocleidomastoid** and **trapezius muscles** - This nerve is located in the **posterior triangle of the neck**, not in the axilla - Injury would lead to weakness in shrugging the shoulders or turning the head, not sensory loss in the arm during axillary dissection

Q: Which of the following muscles is not attached to the medial border of the scapula?

Teres major. ***Teres major*** - The **teres major** muscle originates from the **inferior angle and lower part of the lateral border** of the scapula, NOT the medial border. - It inserts into the medial lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus. - This is the correct answer as it does not attach to the medial border of the scapula. *Serratus anterior* - The **serratus anterior** muscle originates from the outer surfaces of the upper 8-9 ribs and inserts along the **entire medial border** of the scapula on its anterior (costal) surface. - It plays a crucial role in protraction and upward rotation of the scapula, keeping it applied to the thoracic wall. *Levator scapulae* - The **levator scapulae** muscle originates from the transverse processes of the C1-C4 vertebrae and inserts into the **superior angle and upper part of the medial border** of the scapula. - Its primary actions are to elevate the scapula and assist in downward rotation. *Rhomboid major* - The **rhomboid major** muscle originates from the spinous processes of T2-T5 vertebrae and attaches to the **medial border** of the scapula between the spine and inferior angle. - It acts to retract, elevate, and rotate the scapula downward.

Question 1

Which of the following statements about the femoral triangle is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

Floor is formed by adductor longus

Answer

Contains the femoral vessels

Answer

Lateral margin is formed by sartorius

Answer

Medial margin is formed by adductor longus

Question 2

What is the uppermost structure in left lung hilum?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary artery

Answer

Pulmonary vein

Answer

Bronchial artery

Answer

Left mainstem bronchus

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a feature of facial nerve palsy?

Accepted Answer

Loss of taste sensation from posterior tongue

Answer

Loss of lacrimation

Answer

Facial muscle paralysis

Answer

Loss of salivation

Question 4

Lips do not drain into which group of lymph nodes?

Accepted Answer

Preauricular parotid

Answer

Submandibular nodes

Answer

None of the options

Answer

Submental nodes

Question 5

Uvula vesicae seen in bladder is formed from the following structure?

Accepted Answer

Median lobe of the prostate

Answer

Lateral lobe of the prostate

Answer

Anterior lobe of the prostate

Answer

Posterior lobe of the prostate

Question 6

What is the posterior relation of the neck of the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

Origin of portal vein

Answer

IVC

Answer

Aorta

Answer

Common bile duct

Question 7

Superior vena cava develops from?

Accepted Answer

Right anterior cardinal vein

Answer

Left anterior cardinal vein

Answer

Left common cardinal vein

Answer

Right subcardinal vein

Question 8

Superficial inguinal ring is a defect in the:

Accepted Answer

External oblique aponeurosis

Answer

Internal oblique muscle

Answer

Transverse abdominis aponeurosis

Answer

Internal oblique aponeurosis

Question 9

A nerve injured during axillary lymph node dissection leads to loss of sensation in the medial side of the arm. Which nerve is injured?

Accepted Answer

Intercostobrachial nerve

Answer

Long thoracic nerve

Answer

Medial pectoral nerve

Answer

Accessory nerve

Question 10

Which of the following muscles is not attached to the medial border of the scapula?

Accepted Answer

Teres major

Answer

Serratus anterior

Answer

Levator scapulae

Answer

Rhomboid major

NEET-PG 2015

Anatomy