NEET-PG 2015 Practice Questions

Q: Which of the following is NOT a boundary of the foramen of Winslow?

4th part of Duodenum. 4th part of Duodenum[1] - The foramen of Winslow (epiploic foramen) is an opening that connects the greater sac to the lesser sac of the peritoneum. The 4th part of the duodenum is not a boundary of this foramen. - The 4th part of the duodenum is located at the duodenojejunal junction on the left side of the abdomen, far from the foramen of Winslow. - Note: The 1st part of the duodenum (D1) forms the inferior boundary of the foramen of Winslow, along with the hepatic artery. Inferior vena cava[1] - The inferior vena cava (IVC) forms the posterior boundary of the foramen of Winslow. - It lies behind the peritoneum that forms the posterior wall of the lesser sac at this point. Free border of lesser omentum[1] - The free border of the lesser omentum (hepatoduodenal ligament) forms the anterior boundary of the foramen of Winslow. - This ligament contains the portal triad (hepatic artery proper, portal vein, and common bile duct). Caudate lobe of liver[1] - The caudate lobe of the liver forms the superior boundary of the foramen of Winslow.[1] - It lies above the opening, contributing to its roof.

Q: Oculomotor nucleus is located in -

Midbrain. ***Midbrain*** - The **oculomotor nucleus** (cranial nerve III) and the Edinger-Westphal nucleus (parasympathetic component) are both located in the **ventral gray matter** near the cerebral aqueduct in the **midbrain** [1]. - This position allows the oculomotor nerve to exit from the interpeduncular fossa of the midbrain [1]. *Forebrain* - The **forebrain** primarily contains structures like the cerebral hemispheres, thalamus, and hypothalamus, which are involved in higher cognitive functions and sensory processing. - No cranial nerve nuclei are located within the forebrain itself; they are largely concentrated in the brainstem. *Pons* - The **pons** contains nuclei for cranial nerves V (trigeminal), VI (abducens), VII (facial), and VIII (vestibulocochlear), but not the oculomotor nucleus. - It is located inferior to the midbrain and superior to the medulla. *Medulla* - The **medulla oblongata** houses nuclei for cranial nerves IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus), XI (accessory), and XII (hypoglossal). - It is the most caudal part of the brainstem, inferior to the pons, and is not where the oculomotor nucleus is found.

Q: Which are the segments of the upper lobe of the right lung?

Apical, anterior, posterior. ***Apical, anterior, posterior*** - The **right upper lobe** is consistently divided into three bronchopulmonary segments: **apical**, **anterior**, and **posterior** [1]. - These segments are named according to their anatomical position and the branching of the **tertiary bronchi** that supply them [1]. *Anterior, posterior, medial* - While **anterior** and **posterior** segments exist, the "medial" segment is not a standard division of the right upper lobe. - The term "medial" is typically associated with the **middle lobe** of the right lung (medial and lateral segments) [1]. *Lateral, medial, superior* - The segments **lateral** and **medial** are characteristic of the **right middle lobe** [1]. - "Superior" is a general directional term and not a specific segment name within the upper lobe in this context, although the apical segment is superiorly located. *Basal, medial, lateral* - **Basal** segments are found in the **lower lobes** of the lungs (e.g., anterior basal, medial basal, posterior basal, lateral basal). - **Medial** and **lateral** segments are typical of the **right middle lobe**, not the upper lobe [1].

Q: Uvula vesicae seen in bladder is formed from the following structure?

Median lobe of the prostate. ***Median lobe of the prostate*** - The **uvula vesicae** is a slight median elevation on the internal surface of the **bladder base**, immediately behind the **internal urethral orifice**. - This elevation is formed by the underlying **median (middle) lobe of the prostate** projecting upward beneath the bladder mucosa. - In **benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)**, enlargement of the median lobe accentuates this prominence and can cause significant urinary obstruction. *Lateral lobe of the prostate* - Enlargement of the **lateral lobes** causes lateral compression of the prostatic urethra, not a median elevation at the bladder neck. - While they are the most common site of **BPH**, they do not form the uvula vesicae. *Anterior lobe of the prostate* - The **anterior lobe** (or anterior fibromuscular stroma) is located in front of the urethra and is non-glandular. - It does not contribute to the formation of the uvula vesicae or cause significant urinary symptoms. *Posterior lobe of the prostate* - The **posterior lobe** is located behind the urethra and is the most common site for **prostate cancer**. - It does not project into the bladder base and therefore does not form the uvula vesicae.

Q: The third ventricle is a cavity located in which part of the brain?

Diencephalon. ***Diencephalon*** - The **third ventricle** is a narrow, median cavity situated within the **diencephalon** of the brain. - It connects the lateral ventricles via the **interventricular foramen (of Monro)** and with the fourth ventricle via the **cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius)** [2]. *Mesencephalon* - The **mesencephalon (midbrain)** contains the **cerebral aqueduct**, but not the third ventricle itself [1]. - It is located superior to the pons and inferior to the diencephalon. *Rhombencephalon* - The **rhombencephalon (hindbrain)** contains the **fourth ventricle**, which is situated posterior to the pons and medulla oblongata [2]. - It develops into the pons, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata. *Telencephalon* - The **telencephalon (cerebrum)** contains the **lateral ventricles**, which are paired cavities, one in each cerebral hemisphere [2]. - The telencephalon is the most anterior part of the brain and develops into the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and limbic system.

Q: The uterine artery is a branch of which of the following?

Internal iliac artery. ***Internal iliac artery*** - The **uterine artery** is a direct branch of the **internal iliac artery**, specifically its anterior division, which supplies blood to the uterus [1]. - This artery is crucial for maintaining the vascular supply to the uterus, especially during pregnancy. *Left common iliac artery* - The **common iliac artery** bifurcates into the **internal iliac artery** and the **external iliac artery** [2]; it is not a direct source of the uterine artery. - The common iliac artery is a more proximal vessel in the arterial tree. *Internal pudendal artery* - The **internal pudendal artery** is also a branch of the **internal iliac artery**, but it primarily supplies the perineum and external genitalia, not the uterus. - It is often associated with structures such as the clitoris, labia, and structures of the anal triangle. *Ovarian artery* - The **ovarian artery** originates directly from the **abdominal aorta**, usually just below the renal arteries, and supplies the ovaries [2]. - Although it supplies the reproductive system, it is distinct from the uterine artery's origin and primary territory.

Q: Which of the following is not formed by the external oblique muscle?

Conjoint tendon. ***Conjoint tendon*** - The **conjoint tendon** is formed by the conjoined aponeuroses of the **internal oblique** and **transversus abdominis muscles**, not the external oblique [1]. - It provides posterior wall reinforcement to the inguinal canal. - This is the structure that is definitively **NOT formed by the external oblique muscle**. *Lacunar ligament* - The **lacunar ligament** (Gimbernat's ligament) is a triangular fascial band formed by the medial reflection of the **inguinal ligament**. - It is derived from the **external oblique aponeurosis** and forms the medial boundary of the femoral ring. *Pectineal ligament* - The **pectineal ligament** (Cooper's ligament) is a thickening of the periosteum along the pecten pubis (pectineal line) [3]. - While it is continuous with the lacunar ligament, it is not directly formed by the external oblique muscle itself, but rather represents a separate periosteal structure. - For the purposes of this question, the conjoint tendon is the most appropriate answer as it has no contribution from the external oblique. *Inguinal ligament* - The **inguinal ligament** (Poupart's ligament) is formed by the inferomedial border of the **external oblique aponeurosis**, folding back on itself [2]. - It spans between the **anterior superior iliac spine** and the **pubic tubercle**.

Q: Superficial inguinal ring is a defect in the:

External oblique aponeurosis. ***External oblique aponeurosis*** - The **superficial inguinal ring** is a triangular opening in the **aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle** [1]. - It allows passage of the **spermatic cord** in males and the **round ligament of the uterus** in females. *Transverse abdominis aponeurosis* - The **transverse abdominis aponeurosis** contributes to the posterior wall of the **inguinal canal**, but not the superficial inguinal ring itself [2]. - The deepest abdominal muscle, its aponeurosis forms the **conjoint tendon** with the internal oblique aponeurosis. *Internal oblique muscle* - The **internal oblique muscle** forms the arching roof and part of the anterior wall of the **inguinal canal** [2]. - Its aponeurosis contributes to the **conjoint tendon** and the falx inguinalis. *Internal oblique aponeurosis* - The **internal oblique aponeurosis** is part of the anterior wall and forms the conjoint tendon with the transverse abdominis aponeurosis [2]. - This aponeurosis does not form the superficial inguinal ring; instead, it is found deeper to the external oblique aponeurosis.

Q: Which ligament is most commonly damaged in knee injuries?

ACL. ***ACL*** - The **anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)** is highly susceptible to injury, especially during sports involving sudden stops, changes in direction, jumping, and awkward landings. - Its role in stabilizing the knee against **anterior tibial translation** and rotational forces makes it vulnerable to tears. *PCL* - The **posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)** is much stronger than the ACL and less frequently injured, typically requiring a direct blow to the flexed knee (e.g., dashboard injury). - It prevents **posterior tibial translation** relative to the femur. *MCL* - The **medial collateral ligament (MCL)** is commonly injured, often due to a direct blow to the outside of the knee causing a **valgus stress**. - While frequently damaged, it is often injured in conjunction with the ACL but the ACL is more frequently injured in isolation. *LCL* - The **lateral collateral ligament (LCL)** is the least commonly injured of the four major knee ligaments. - It usually results from a direct blow to the inside of the knee causing **varus stress**.

Q: Which of the following is not a recognized stage of prophase I in meiosis?

Arachytene. ***Arachytene*** - **Arachytene** is not a recognized stage of prophase I in meiosis. - The correct stages are leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene, and diakinesis. *Diakinesis* - **Diakinesis** is the final stage of prophase I, where homologous chromosomes condense further, and the nuclear envelope begins to break down. - Chiasmata terminalize, and the bivalents are ready for metaphase I. *Leptotene* - **Leptotene** is the first stage of prophase I, characterized by the condensation of chromatin into visible chromosomes. - Chromosomes appear as long, thin threads. *Zygotene* - **Zygotene** is the second stage of prophase I, where homologous chromosomes pair up in a process called **synapsis**, forming bivalents. - The synaptonemal complex begins to form between homologous chromosomes.

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a boundary of the foramen of Winslow?

Accepted Answer

4th part of Duodenum

Answer

Inferior vena cava

Answer

Free border of lesser omentum

Answer

Caudate lobe of liver

Question 2

Oculomotor nucleus is located in -

Accepted Answer

Midbrain

Answer

Forebrain

Answer

Pons

Answer

Medulla

Question 3

Which are the segments of the upper lobe of the right lung?

Accepted Answer

Apical, anterior, posterior

Answer

Lateral, medial, superior

Answer

Basal, medial, lateral

Answer

Anterior, posterior, medial

Question 4

Uvula vesicae seen in bladder is formed from the following structure?

Accepted Answer

Median lobe of the prostate

Answer

Lateral lobe of the prostate

Answer

Anterior lobe of the prostate

Answer

Posterior lobe of the prostate

Question 5

The third ventricle is a cavity located in which part of the brain?

Accepted Answer

Diencephalon

Answer

Mesencephalon

Answer

Rhombencephalon

Answer

Telencephalon

Question 6

The uterine artery is a branch of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Internal iliac artery

Answer

Left common iliac artery

Answer

Internal pudendal artery

Answer

Ovarian artery

Question 7

Which of the following is not formed by the external oblique muscle?

Accepted Answer

Conjoint tendon

Answer

Inguinal ligament

Answer

Lacunar ligament

Answer

Pectineal ligament

Question 8

Superficial inguinal ring is a defect in the:

Accepted Answer

External oblique aponeurosis

Answer

Internal oblique muscle

Answer

Transverse abdominis aponeurosis

Answer

Internal oblique aponeurosis

Question 9

Which ligament is most commonly damaged in knee injuries?

Accepted Answer

ACL

Answer

PCL

Answer

LCL

Answer

MCL

Question 10

Which of the following is not a recognized stage of prophase I in meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Arachytene

Answer

Diakinesis

Answer

Leptotene

Answer

Zygotene

NEET-PG 2015

Anatomy

Orthopaedics

Physiology