NEET-PG 2015 - Anatomy Practice Questions

Q: Arch of aorta begins at which vertebral level?

T4. ***T4*** - The **arch of the aorta** typically begins at the level of the **upper border of the fourth thoracic vertebra (T4)**. - This anatomical landmark is crucial for understanding the **topography of the mediastinum** and the branching of the great vessels. *T2* - The **T2 vertebral level** is too high; the arch of the aorta does not begin this superiorly. - This level is often associated with structures like the **trachea** and **esophagus** in the superior mediastinum, but not the aortic arch's origin. *T3* - The **T3 vertebral level** is also too high for the typical origin of the aortic arch. - The **manubrium of the sternum** generally extends down to this level, but the aorta's arch begins slightly lower. *T5* - The **T5 vertebral level** is too low; at this point, the arch of the aorta has usually already passed posteriorly and begun its descent as the **descending aorta** [1]. - The **bifurcation of the trachea** typically occurs at the T4/T5 intervertebral disc level. *T2* - The left recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) separates from the vagus as it passes anterior to the arch of the aorta [1].

Q: Which is the first bone to start ossifying?

Clavicle. ***Clavicle*** - The **clavicle** is the **first bone to begin ossification** in the human body, starting around the **5th-6th week of gestation**. - It ossifies via **intramembranous ossification**, making it unique among long bones [1]. - This early ossification is a key landmark in fetal skeletal development and is consistently taught across medical curricula. *Mandible* - The **mandible** begins ossification around the **6th week of gestation**, shortly after the clavicle [1]. - While it is one of the earliest bones to ossify, it is **not the first**. - It also undergoes intramembranous ossification [1]. *Femur* - The **femur**, a long bone, begins ossification around the **7th-8th week of gestation** [1]. - It ossifies via **endochondral ossification**, which typically occurs later than intramembranous ossification [1]. *Tibia* - The **tibia** also begins ossification around the **7th-8th week of gestation**. - Like the femur, it follows the endochondral ossification pathway.

Q: Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery is a branch of which of the following arteries?

Superior mesenteric artery. ***Superior mesenteric artery*** - The **inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery** is a direct branch of the **superior mesenteric artery (SMA)**. - It supplies the **head of the pancreas** and the **duodenum**, anastomosing with branches from the gastroduodenal artery. *Splenic artery* - The splenic artery is a branch of the **celiac trunk** and primarily supplies the **spleen**, stomach, and pancreas (via pancreatic branches). - It does not give rise to the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery. *Left gastric artery* - The left gastric artery is a branch of the **celiac trunk** and supplies the **lesser curvature of the stomach** and distal esophagus. - It has no direct connection to the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery. *Gastroduodenal artery* - The gastroduodenal artery is a branch of the **common hepatic artery** (from the celiac trunk) and gives off the **anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries**. - While it supplies the head of the pancreas and duodenum, it is not the origin of the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery, which arises from the SMA.

Q: Which nerve is preserved in dissecting the superficial and deep lobes of the parotid gland?

Facial. ***Correct: Facial*** - The **facial nerve (CN VII)** passes directly through the parotid gland, dividing it into superficial and deep lobes. Dissection of these lobes requires careful identification and preservation of the facial nerve and its branches to avoid paralysis. - Injury to the facial nerve during parotidectomy can lead to various degrees of **facial paralysis**, affecting muscle movements like smiling, eye closure, and forehead wrinkling. *Incorrect: Glossopharyngeal* - The **glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)** supplies the carotid sinus and stylopharyngeus muscle and provides secretomotor innervation to the parotid gland via the otic ganglion. - It does not traverse the parotid gland itself, so it is not directly at risk during the dissection of the superficial and deep lobes. *Incorrect: Hypoglossal* - The **hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)** primarily controls the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue, responsible for tongue movement. - It is located inferior to the parotid gland and is not in the field of dissection for separating the parotid lobes. *Incorrect: Lingual* - The **lingual nerve**, a branch of the mandibular nerve (CN V3), provides sensation to the **anterior two-thirds of the tongue** and carries parasympathetic fibers for submandibular and sublingual glands. - While it is in the general vicinity of the orofacial region, it does not pass through the parotid gland and is therefore not directly at risk during the dissection of the parotid lobe.

Q: Tail of pancreas develops from -

Dorsal pancreatic bud. Dorsal pancreatic bud - The dorsal pancreatic bud forms the majority of the pancreas, including the body, tail, and most of the head [1]. - It arises from the dorsal mesentery of the duodenum [1]. Hepatic diverticulum - The hepatic diverticulum gives rise to the liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts [2]. - It is separate from the pancreatic development and does not contribute to the pancreas. Ventral pancreatic bud - The ventral pancreatic bud forms only a small part of the pancreas, specifically the inferior portion of the head and the uncinate process [1]. - It rotates posteriorly with the duodenum to fuse with the dorsal bud [1]. All of the options - This option is incorrect because only the dorsal pancreatic bud forms the tail of the pancreas [1]. - The hepatic diverticulum does not contribute to pancreatic development at all, and the ventral pancreatic bud only forms the uncinate process and part of the head [1].

Q: What is the remnant of the umbilical artery?

Medial umbilical ligament. ***Medial umbilical ligament*** - The **umbilical arteries** (paired structures) carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta during development [2]. - After birth, these arteries obliterate and persist as the **medial umbilical ligaments** (two in number, one on each side), extending from the internal iliac arteries to the umbilicus along the anterior abdominal wall. - The proximal portions of the umbilical arteries remain patent as the **superior vesical arteries**, which supply the bladder. *Ligamentum arteriosum* - This is the remnant of the **ductus arteriosus**, which shunted blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta, bypassing the fetal lungs [2]. - It connects the arch of the aorta to the pulmonary artery. *Ligament teres* - Also known as the **round ligament of the liver**, this is the remnant of the **fetal umbilical vein** (a single midline structure) [1]. - The umbilical vein carried oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus [1], [2]. *Ligamentum venosum* - This is the fibrous remnant of the **ductus venosus**, a shunt in fetal circulation that bypassed the liver by connecting the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava [1]. - It is located deep within the liver, forming a fissure.

Q: Superficial inguinal ring is a defect in the:

External oblique aponeurosis. ***External oblique aponeurosis*** - The **superficial inguinal ring** is a triangular opening in the **aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle** [1]. - It allows passage of the **spermatic cord** in males and the **round ligament of the uterus** in females. *Transverse abdominis aponeurosis* - The **transverse abdominis aponeurosis** contributes to the posterior wall of the **inguinal canal**, but not the superficial inguinal ring itself [2]. - The deepest abdominal muscle, its aponeurosis forms the **conjoint tendon** with the internal oblique aponeurosis. *Internal oblique muscle* - The **internal oblique muscle** forms the arching roof and part of the anterior wall of the **inguinal canal** [2]. - Its aponeurosis contributes to the **conjoint tendon** and the falx inguinalis. *Internal oblique aponeurosis* - The **internal oblique aponeurosis** is part of the anterior wall and forms the conjoint tendon with the transverse abdominis aponeurosis [2]. - This aponeurosis does not form the superficial inguinal ring; instead, it is found deeper to the external oblique aponeurosis.

Q: Which of the following is not a branch of the splenic artery?

Right Gastroepiploic Artery. ***Right Gastroepiploic Artery*** - This artery originates from the **gastroduodenal artery**, which is a branch of the **common hepatic artery**, not the splenic artery. - It supplies the greater curvature of the stomach and the greater omentum. *Hilar branches of the splenic artery* - These are direct branches of the splenic artery that enter the **hilum of the spleen** [1] to supply the organ itself. - They are essential for the blood supply to the spleen [1]. *Short Gastric Artery* - The **short gastric arteries** arise directly from the splenic artery or its terminal branches [1]. - They supply the fundus and a part of the greater curvature of the stomach [1]. *Arteria Pancreatica Magna* - Also known as the **great pancreatic artery**, this is a significant branch that typically arises from the **splenic artery**. - It supplies the body and tail of the pancreas [1].

Q: Which of the following does not directly drain into right atrium?

Great cardiac vein. ***Great cardiac vein*** - The **great cardiac vein** drains into the **coronary sinus**, which then empties into the right atrium [1]. - It does not drain directly into the right atrium, distinguishing it from the other options. *Inferior vena cava* - The **inferior vena cava** is one of the major vessels that drains directly into the **right atrium**. - It carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the right atrium. *Anterior cardiac vein* - The **anterior cardiac veins** drain directly into the **right atrium**. - They tend to drain the anterior surface of the right ventricle. *Venae cordis minimi* - Also known as **Thebesian veins**, these are small veins that drain directly into the cardiac chambers, including the **right atrium**. - They represent a direct communication between the myocardial capillaries and the cardiac chambers.

Q: Which artery is the major supply of the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere?

Anterior cerebral artery. ***Anterior cerebral artery*** - The **anterior cerebral artery (ACA)** is a primary branch of the internal carotid artery and is responsible for supplying blood to the **medial surface** of the frontal and parietal lobes of the cerebral hemispheres [1]. - It also supplies the **corpus callosum**, the superior aspect of the frontal and parietal lobes, and parts of the basal ganglia [1]. *Posterior cerebral artery* - The **posterior cerebral artery (PCA)** primarily supplies the **occipital lobe** and the inferior part of the **temporal lobe** [1]. - It also provides blood to parts of the midbrain and the **thalamus** [1]. *Middle cerebral artery* - The **middle cerebral artery (MCA)** is the largest cerebral artery and supplies most of the **lateral surface** of the cerebral hemispheres [1]. - It is crucial for the blood supply to the **motor and sensory cortices** for the face and upper limb, as well as language areas (Broca's and Wernicke's). *Posterior inferior cerebellar artery* - The **posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)** is a branch of the **vertebral artery** and exclusively supplies the **cerebellum** and the lateral medulla. - It is not involved in the blood supply to the cerebral hemispheres.

Question 1

Arch of aorta begins at which vertebral level?

Accepted Answer

T4

Answer

T2

Answer

T5

Answer

T3

Question 2

Which is the first bone to start ossifying?

Accepted Answer

Clavicle

Answer

Femur

Answer

Tibia

Answer

Mandible

Question 3

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery is a branch of which of the following arteries?

Accepted Answer

Superior mesenteric artery

Answer

Splenic artery

Answer

Left gastric artery

Answer

Gastroduodenal artery

Question 4

Which nerve is preserved in dissecting the superficial and deep lobes of the parotid gland?

Accepted Answer

Facial

Answer

Glossopharyngeal

Answer

Hypoglossal

Answer

Lingual

Question 5

Tail of pancreas develops from -

Accepted Answer

Dorsal pancreatic bud

Answer

Hepatic diverticulum

Answer

Ventral pancreatic bud

Answer

All of the options

Question 6

What is the remnant of the umbilical artery?

Accepted Answer

Medial umbilical ligament

Answer

Ligamentum arteriosum

Answer

Ligament teres

Answer

Ligamentum venosum

Question 7

Superficial inguinal ring is a defect in the:

Accepted Answer

External oblique aponeurosis

Answer

Internal oblique muscle

Answer

Transverse abdominis aponeurosis

Answer

Internal oblique aponeurosis

Question 8

Which of the following is not a branch of the splenic artery?

Accepted Answer

Right Gastroepiploic Artery

Answer

Hilar branches of the splenic artery

Answer

Short Gastric Arteries

Answer

Arteria Pancreatica Magna

Question 9

Which of the following does not directly drain into right atrium?

Accepted Answer

Great cardiac vein

Answer

Inferior vena cava

Answer

Anterior cardiac vein

Answer

Venae cordis minimi

Question 10

Which artery is the major supply of the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere?

Accepted Answer

Anterior cerebral artery

Answer

Posterior cerebral artery

Answer

Middle cerebral artery

Answer

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery

NEET-PG 2015 — Anatomy