NEET-PG 2015 - Anatomy Practice Questions

Q: The Great cerebral vein of Galen drains into which structure?

Straight sinus. ***Straight sinus*** - The **Great cerebral vein of Galen** is a major venous channel that collects blood from the deep cerebral veins, including the internal cerebral veins. - It empties directly into the **straight sinus**, which then joins the confluence of sinuses. *Cavernous sinus* - The **cavernous sinus** drains blood from the orbit, face, and temporal lobe, and it receives input from superficial cerebral veins, not the deep system of Galen. - It is located on either side of the **sella turcica** and is distinct from the drainage pathway of the Great cerebral vein. *Basal vein of Rosenthal* - The **basal vein of Rosenthal** is a tributary that drains into the Great cerebral vein of Galen, not a structure that Galen drains into. - It courses around the midbrain and receives blood from various deep structures, eventually contributing to the formation of the Great cerebral vein. *Internal cerebral vein* - The **internal cerebral veins** are tributaries that merge to form the Great cerebral vein of Galen; therefore, Galen does not drain into them. - These veins run within the tela choroidea of the third ventricle and collect blood from the thalamus, basal ganglia, and internal capsule.

Q: The uterine artery is a branch of which of the following?

Internal iliac artery. ***Internal iliac artery*** - The **uterine artery** is a direct branch of the **internal iliac artery**, specifically its anterior division, which supplies blood to the uterus [1]. - This artery is crucial for maintaining the vascular supply to the uterus, especially during pregnancy. *Left common iliac artery* - The **common iliac artery** bifurcates into the **internal iliac artery** and the **external iliac artery** [2]; it is not a direct source of the uterine artery. - The common iliac artery is a more proximal vessel in the arterial tree. *Internal pudendal artery* - The **internal pudendal artery** is also a branch of the **internal iliac artery**, but it primarily supplies the perineum and external genitalia, not the uterus. - It is often associated with structures such as the clitoris, labia, and structures of the anal triangle. *Ovarian artery* - The **ovarian artery** originates directly from the **abdominal aorta**, usually just below the renal arteries, and supplies the ovaries [2]. - Although it supplies the reproductive system, it is distinct from the uterine artery's origin and primary territory.

Q: A patient has a herniated intervertebral disc impinging on the right C5 nerve roots. Which of the following movements would most likely be affected?

Flexion of the elbow. ***Flexion of the elbow*** - The **C5 nerve root** is a primary contributor to the innervation of the **biceps brachii** and **brachialis** muscles, which are the prime movers for elbow flexion. - The C5 myotome specifically includes elbow flexion as one of its key motor functions. - Impingement of the C5 nerve root would therefore most directly impact the strength and function of **elbow flexion**, leading to weakness in this movement. *Extension of the fingers* - Finger extension is primarily mediated by the **C7 and C8 nerve roots** via the posterior interosseous nerve (branch of the radial nerve). - C5 does not significantly contribute to finger extension. *Extension of the shoulder* - Shoulder extension involves muscles primarily innervated by the **C6, C7, and C8 nerve roots** (e.g., latissimus dorsi via thoracodorsal nerve, teres major). - While C5 contributes to some shoulder movements (particularly **shoulder abduction** via the deltoid), it is not primarily responsible for shoulder extension. *Flexion of the wrist* - Wrist flexion is primarily served by muscles innervated by the **C6, C7, and C8 nerve roots** (e.g., flexor carpi radialis - C6/C7, flexor carpi ulnaris - C7/C8). - The C5 nerve root has minimal to no role in wrist flexion.

Q: Uvula vesicae seen in bladder is formed from the following structure?

Median lobe of the prostate. ***Median lobe of the prostate*** - The **uvula vesicae** is a slight median elevation on the internal surface of the **bladder base**, immediately behind the **internal urethral orifice**. - This elevation is formed by the underlying **median (middle) lobe of the prostate** projecting upward beneath the bladder mucosa. - In **benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)**, enlargement of the median lobe accentuates this prominence and can cause significant urinary obstruction. *Lateral lobe of the prostate* - Enlargement of the **lateral lobes** causes lateral compression of the prostatic urethra, not a median elevation at the bladder neck. - While they are the most common site of **BPH**, they do not form the uvula vesicae. *Anterior lobe of the prostate* - The **anterior lobe** (or anterior fibromuscular stroma) is located in front of the urethra and is non-glandular. - It does not contribute to the formation of the uvula vesicae or cause significant urinary symptoms. *Posterior lobe of the prostate* - The **posterior lobe** is located behind the urethra and is the most common site for **prostate cancer**. - It does not project into the bladder base and therefore does not form the uvula vesicae.

Q: Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery is a branch of which of the following arteries?

Superior mesenteric artery. ***Superior mesenteric artery*** - The **inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery** is a direct branch of the **superior mesenteric artery (SMA)**. - It supplies the **head of the pancreas** and the **duodenum**, anastomosing with branches from the gastroduodenal artery. *Splenic artery* - The splenic artery is a branch of the **celiac trunk** and primarily supplies the **spleen**, stomach, and pancreas (via pancreatic branches). - It does not give rise to the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery. *Left gastric artery* - The left gastric artery is a branch of the **celiac trunk** and supplies the **lesser curvature of the stomach** and distal esophagus. - It has no direct connection to the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery. *Gastroduodenal artery* - The gastroduodenal artery is a branch of the **common hepatic artery** (from the celiac trunk) and gives off the **anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries**. - While it supplies the head of the pancreas and duodenum, it is not the origin of the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery, which arises from the SMA.

Q: Arch of aorta begins at which vertebral level?

T4. ***T4*** - The **arch of the aorta** typically begins at the level of the **upper border of the fourth thoracic vertebra (T4)**. - This anatomical landmark is crucial for understanding the **topography of the mediastinum** and the branching of the great vessels. *T2* - The **T2 vertebral level** is too high; the arch of the aorta does not begin this superiorly. - This level is often associated with structures like the **trachea** and **esophagus** in the superior mediastinum, but not the aortic arch's origin. *T3* - The **T3 vertebral level** is also too high for the typical origin of the aortic arch. - The **manubrium of the sternum** generally extends down to this level, but the aorta's arch begins slightly lower. *T5* - The **T5 vertebral level** is too low; at this point, the arch of the aorta has usually already passed posteriorly and begun its descent as the **descending aorta** [1]. - The **bifurcation of the trachea** typically occurs at the T4/T5 intervertebral disc level. *T2* - The left recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) separates from the vagus as it passes anterior to the arch of the aorta [1].

Q: Which of the following is NOT a feature of facial nerve palsy?

Loss of taste sensation from posterior tongue. Loss of taste sensation from posterior tongue - The **facial nerve (CN VII)** carries taste fibers from the **anterior two-thirds of the tongue** via the **chorda tympani**. - **Taste sensation** from the **posterior one-third of the tongue** is mediated by the **glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)**, so its loss would not be a feature of facial nerve palsy. *Loss of lacrimation* - The facial nerve provides **parasympathetic innervation** to the **lacrimal glands** via the **greater petrosal nerve**. - Damage to the facial nerve proximal to the geniculate ganglion can lead to **reduced tear production** on the affected side. [1] *Facial muscle paralysis* - The facial nerve is the primary motor nerve for the **muscles of facial expression**. [1] - Injury to this nerve results in varying degrees of **weakness or paralysis** of the facial muscles, leading to drooping and difficulty with facial movements. [1] *Loss of salivation* - The facial nerve carries **parasympathetic fibers** to the **submandibular** and **sublingual salivary glands** via the **chorda tympani**. - A lesion affecting the facial nerve can therefore impair **salivary gland function**, leading to reduced saliva production.

Q: Which muscle of the arm has additional supinator action?

Biceps. ***Biceps*** - The **biceps brachii** powerfully supinates the forearm, especially when the elbow is flexed, due to its distal attachment on the **radial tuberosity**. - Its two heads originate from the scapula, contributing to both **flexion** at the elbow and supination. *Brachialis* - The **brachialis muscle** is the primary and most powerful flexor of the elbow joint. - It inserts onto the **ulna** and does not have any rotational or supinator action. *Coracobrachialis* - The **coracobrachialis** muscle primarily functions in adduction and flexion of the arm at the shoulder joint. - It has no attachments that allow for supination of the forearm. *Triceps* - The **triceps brachii** is the sole extensor of the elbow joint, located on the posterior aspect of the arm. - It is an antagonist to the biceps and has no supinator action.

Q: Oxyntic cells are present in -

Body. ***Body*** - **Oxyntic cells**, also known as **parietal cells**, are predominantly located in the **fundus and body** of the stomach [1], [2]. - These cells are responsible for secreting **hydrochloric acid (HCl)** and **intrinsic factor**, which are crucial for digestion and vitamin B12 absorption [1]. - The gastric glands in the body contain the highest concentration of parietal cells [2]. *Pylorus* - The pylorus is the distal part of the stomach that connects to the duodenum. - It primarily contains **G cells**, which secrete **gastrin**, a hormone that stimulates HCl secretion from parietal cells [3]. - Pyloric glands contain mainly mucus-secreting cells, with few or no parietal cells [2]. *Cardia* - The cardia is the region near the gastroesophageal junction (entrance of the stomach). - This area primarily contains **cardiac glands** with mucus-secreting cells that protect the esophageal lining from gastric acid reflux. - Parietal cells are sparse or absent in the cardia [2]. *None of the options* - This option is incorrect because the **body of the stomach** is the correct location for oxyntic cells.

Q: Gastrosplenic ligament contains ?

Short gastric artery. ***Short gastric artery*** - The **short gastric arteries** are branches of the **splenic artery** and supply the **fundus** and upper part of the **greater curvature** of the stomach. - These vessels travel within the **gastrosplenic ligament** (or gastrosplenic omentum), connecting the greater curvature of the stomach to the hilum of the spleen [1]. *Splenic vessels* - The **splenic artery** and **vein** primarily travel within the **splenorenal ligament** (or lienorenal ligament), connecting the spleen to the posterior abdominal wall. - These major vessels supply and drain the spleen itself, not typically running within the gastrosplenic ligament [1]. *Tail of pancreas* - The **tail of the pancreas** is typically located within the **splenorenal ligament**, closely associated with the **hilum of the spleen** [1]. - It does not extend into the gastrosplenic ligament, which connects the stomach to the spleen. *Portal vein* - The **portal vein** is a major vessel formed by the confluence of the **splenic vein** and **superior mesenteric vein**, and it is located in the **hepatoduodenal ligament** (part of the lesser omentum) along with the hepatic artery and common bile duct. - This vessel is far removed from the gastrosplenic ligament, which is situated between the stomach and spleen.

Question 1

The Great cerebral vein of Galen drains into which structure?

Accepted Answer

Straight sinus

Answer

Cavernous sinus

Answer

Basal vein of Rosenthal

Answer

Internal cerebral vein

Question 2

The uterine artery is a branch of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Internal iliac artery

Answer

Left common iliac artery

Answer

Internal pudendal artery

Answer

Ovarian artery

Question 3

A patient has a herniated intervertebral disc impinging on the right C5 nerve roots. Which of the following movements would most likely be affected?

Accepted Answer

Flexion of the elbow

Answer

Extension of the fingers

Answer

Extension of the shoulder

Answer

Flexion of the wrist

Question 4

Uvula vesicae seen in bladder is formed from the following structure?

Accepted Answer

Median lobe of the prostate

Answer

Lateral lobe of the prostate

Answer

Anterior lobe of the prostate

Answer

Posterior lobe of the prostate

Question 5

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery is a branch of which of the following arteries?

Accepted Answer

Superior mesenteric artery

Answer

Splenic artery

Answer

Left gastric artery

Answer

Gastroduodenal artery

Question 6

Arch of aorta begins at which vertebral level?

Accepted Answer

T4

Answer

T2

Answer

T5

Answer

T3

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a feature of facial nerve palsy?

Accepted Answer

Loss of taste sensation from posterior tongue

Answer

Loss of lacrimation

Answer

Facial muscle paralysis

Answer

Loss of salivation

Question 8

Which muscle of the arm has additional supinator action?

Accepted Answer

Biceps

Answer

Brachialis

Answer

Coracobrachialis

Answer

Triceps

Question 9

Oxyntic cells are present in -

Accepted Answer

Body

Answer

Pylorus

Answer

Cardia

Answer

None of the options

Question 10

Gastrosplenic ligament contains ?

Accepted Answer

Short gastric artery

Answer

Splenic vessels

Answer

Tail of pancreas

Answer

Portal vein

NEET-PG 2015 — Anatomy