NEET-PG 2015 - Anatomy Practice Questions

Q: Inversion and eversion of foot occurs at which joint

Subtalar. ***Subtalar*** - The **subtalar joint** (talocalcaneal joint) is primarily responsible for **inversion** and **eversion** movements of the foot. - **Inversion** involves tilting the sole of the foot medially (turning inward), while **eversion** involves tilting the sole laterally (turning outward). - This joint allows the foot to **adapt to uneven surfaces** and plays a crucial role in the biomechanics of walking and running. - The subtalar joint is essential for shock absorption and balance during gait. *Ankle* - The **ankle joint** (talocrural joint) is a hinge joint primarily responsible for **dorsiflexion** and **plantarflexion** of the foot. - It allows moving the foot up and down but has minimal contribution to inversion and eversion. *Tarso-metatarsal* - The **tarso-metatarsal joints** (Lisfranc joints) connect the tarsal bones to the metatarsal bones. - These joints contribute primarily to the **stability and arch integrity** of the foot, with minimal movement capacity. - They allow slight gliding movements but not significant inversion or eversion. *None of the options* - This option is incorrect because the **subtalar joint** is indeed the primary joint responsible for inversion and eversion of the foot. - Understanding foot joint biomechanics is essential for diagnosing gait abnormalities, ankle sprains, and foot pathologies.

Q: Which are the segments of the upper lobe of the right lung?

Apical, anterior, posterior. ***Apical, anterior, posterior*** - The **right upper lobe** is consistently divided into three bronchopulmonary segments: **apical**, **anterior**, and **posterior** [1]. - These segments are named according to their anatomical position and the branching of the **tertiary bronchi** that supply them [1]. *Anterior, posterior, medial* - While **anterior** and **posterior** segments exist, the "medial" segment is not a standard division of the right upper lobe. - The term "medial" is typically associated with the **middle lobe** of the right lung (medial and lateral segments) [1]. *Lateral, medial, superior* - The segments **lateral** and **medial** are characteristic of the **right middle lobe** [1]. - "Superior" is a general directional term and not a specific segment name within the upper lobe in this context, although the apical segment is superiorly located. *Basal, medial, lateral* - **Basal** segments are found in the **lower lobes** of the lungs (e.g., anterior basal, medial basal, posterior basal, lateral basal). - **Medial** and **lateral** segments are typical of the **right middle lobe**, not the upper lobe [1].

Q: Which of the following muscles is not attached to the medial border of the scapula?

Teres major. ***Teres major*** - The **teres major** muscle originates from the **inferior angle and lower part of the lateral border** of the scapula, NOT the medial border. - It inserts into the medial lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus. - This is the correct answer as it does not attach to the medial border of the scapula. *Serratus anterior* - The **serratus anterior** muscle originates from the outer surfaces of the upper 8-9 ribs and inserts along the **entire medial border** of the scapula on its anterior (costal) surface. - It plays a crucial role in protraction and upward rotation of the scapula, keeping it applied to the thoracic wall. *Levator scapulae* - The **levator scapulae** muscle originates from the transverse processes of the C1-C4 vertebrae and inserts into the **superior angle and upper part of the medial border** of the scapula. - Its primary actions are to elevate the scapula and assist in downward rotation. *Rhomboid major* - The **rhomboid major** muscle originates from the spinous processes of T2-T5 vertebrae and attaches to the **medial border** of the scapula between the spine and inferior angle. - It acts to retract, elevate, and rotate the scapula downward.

Q: Oculomotor nucleus is located in -

Midbrain. ***Midbrain*** - The **oculomotor nucleus** (cranial nerve III) and the Edinger-Westphal nucleus (parasympathetic component) are both located in the **ventral gray matter** near the cerebral aqueduct in the **midbrain** [1]. - This position allows the oculomotor nerve to exit from the interpeduncular fossa of the midbrain [1]. *Forebrain* - The **forebrain** primarily contains structures like the cerebral hemispheres, thalamus, and hypothalamus, which are involved in higher cognitive functions and sensory processing. - No cranial nerve nuclei are located within the forebrain itself; they are largely concentrated in the brainstem. *Pons* - The **pons** contains nuclei for cranial nerves V (trigeminal), VI (abducens), VII (facial), and VIII (vestibulocochlear), but not the oculomotor nucleus. - It is located inferior to the midbrain and superior to the medulla. *Medulla* - The **medulla oblongata** houses nuclei for cranial nerves IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus), XI (accessory), and XII (hypoglossal). - It is the most caudal part of the brainstem, inferior to the pons, and is not where the oculomotor nucleus is found.

Q: The third ventricle is a cavity located in which part of the brain?

Diencephalon. ***Diencephalon*** - The **third ventricle** is a narrow, median cavity situated within the **diencephalon** of the brain. - It connects the lateral ventricles via the **interventricular foramen (of Monro)** and with the fourth ventricle via the **cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius)** [2]. *Mesencephalon* - The **mesencephalon (midbrain)** contains the **cerebral aqueduct**, but not the third ventricle itself [1]. - It is located superior to the pons and inferior to the diencephalon. *Rhombencephalon* - The **rhombencephalon (hindbrain)** contains the **fourth ventricle**, which is situated posterior to the pons and medulla oblongata [2]. - It develops into the pons, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata. *Telencephalon* - The **telencephalon (cerebrum)** contains the **lateral ventricles**, which are paired cavities, one in each cerebral hemisphere [2]. - The telencephalon is the most anterior part of the brain and develops into the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and limbic system.

Q: Which of the following is not a posterior relation of the right kidney?

11th rib. ***11th rib*** - The right kidney typically extends from the 12th thoracic vertebra to the 3rd lumbar vertebra, usually covered by the **12th rib**. - The **11th rib** is usually a posterior relation of the **left kidney**, due to the lower position of the right kidney compared to the left kidney. *Diaphragm* - The diaphragm lies **posterior** to both the right and left kidneys, separating them from the pleura and lungs. - This anatomical relationship means that renal procedures or severe kidney infections can sometimes affect the thoracic cavity. *Subcostal nerve* - The **subcostal nerve** (T12) runs inferior to the 12th rib and passes **posterior** to both kidneys. - It provides sensory innervation to the skin and motor innervation to abdominal muscles. *Ilioinguinal nerve* - The **ilioinguinal nerve** (L1) emerges from the lumbar plexus and travels **posterior** to the inferior pole of both kidneys [1]. - It primarily provides sensory innervation to the groin and parts of the external genitalia.

Q: Root value of the thoracodorsal nerve

C6, C7, C8. ***C6, C7, C8*** - The **thoracodorsal nerve**, also known as the middle subscapular nerve, originates from the **posterior cord of the brachial plexus**. - Its specific root values are **C6, C7, and C8**, which supply motor innervation to the **latissimus dorsi muscle** [1]. - This nerve is one of the three subscapular nerves arising from the posterior cord [1]. *C5, C6, C7* - While these roots contribute to the **posterior cord**, the thoracodorsal nerve specifically arises from **C6, C7, C8**. - **C5** primarily contributes to the **upper and middle trunk** and is more associated with nerves like the **suprascapular** and **axillary nerves**. *C6, T1* - These root values contribute to various nerves of the **brachial plexus**, but not specifically the thoracodorsal nerve. - **T1** contributes mainly to the **medial cord** and its branches like the **ulnar nerve**, not the posterior cord from which the thoracodorsal nerve arises. *T1, T2* - These are typical root values for **intercostal nerves** and contribute to the **sympathetic trunk**, not the **brachial plexus** or its branches like the thoracodorsal nerve. - The brachial plexus predominantly arises from **C5 to T1 spinal nerve roots**, and **T2** is not part of the brachial plexus.

Q: What is the primary lymphatic drainage pathway of the ovary?

Paraaortic. ***Paraaortic*** - The **ovaries** develop embryologically in the abdominal cavity near the kidneys, and their lymphatic drainage follows the **ovarian vessels** (which arise from the aorta). - Lymph drains primarily to the **paraaortic (lumbar) lymph nodes** located along the **aorta** in the retroperitoneum at the level of L1-L2. - This is clinically important in ovarian cancer staging and treatment planning. *Deep inguinal* - The **deep inguinal lymph nodes** primarily drain the deep structures of the lower limb, perineum, and external genitalia. - They do not receive lymphatic drainage directly from the ovaries. *Superficial inguinal* - The **superficial inguinal lymph nodes** drain the skin of the lower abdomen, buttocks, perineum, external genitalia, and the superficial lower limb. - The ovaries are internal intra-abdominal organs and do not drain into these nodes. *Obturator* - The **obturator lymph nodes** are pelvic lymph nodes that primarily drain pelvic structures such as the bladder, uterine body, cervix, and upper vagina. - While adjacent to pelvic organs, they are not the primary drainage site for the ovaries, which drain superiorly along the ovarian vessels to the paraaortic nodes.

Q: What is the posterior relation of the neck of the pancreas?

Origin of portal vein. ***Origin of portal vein*** - The **neck of the pancreas** is intimately associated with the formation of the **hepatic portal vein** [1]. - The **superior mesenteric vein** and **splenic vein** unite behind the pancreatic neck to form the **hepatic portal vein** [1]. *IVC* - The **inferior vena cava (IVC)** lies posterior to the **head of the pancreas**, not the neck. - While it's in proximity, it does not directly relate to the neck in the same way the portal vein does. *Aorta* - The **abdominal aorta** lies posterior to the **body** and **tail of the pancreas**, further superior and to the left. - It is not a direct posterior relation of the pancreatic neck. *Common bile duct* - The **common bile duct** passes through a groove on the posterior surface of the pancreatic **head**, sometimes even embedded within it. - It is not a direct posterior relation of the pancreatic neck, which is a different segment.

Q: The Great cerebral vein of Galen drains into which structure?

Straight sinus. ***Straight sinus*** - The **Great cerebral vein of Galen** is a major venous channel that collects blood from the deep cerebral veins, including the internal cerebral veins. - It empties directly into the **straight sinus**, which then joins the confluence of sinuses. *Cavernous sinus* - The **cavernous sinus** drains blood from the orbit, face, and temporal lobe, and it receives input from superficial cerebral veins, not the deep system of Galen. - It is located on either side of the **sella turcica** and is distinct from the drainage pathway of the Great cerebral vein. *Basal vein of Rosenthal* - The **basal vein of Rosenthal** is a tributary that drains into the Great cerebral vein of Galen, not a structure that Galen drains into. - It courses around the midbrain and receives blood from various deep structures, eventually contributing to the formation of the Great cerebral vein. *Internal cerebral vein* - The **internal cerebral veins** are tributaries that merge to form the Great cerebral vein of Galen; therefore, Galen does not drain into them. - These veins run within the tela choroidea of the third ventricle and collect blood from the thalamus, basal ganglia, and internal capsule.

Question 1

Inversion and eversion of foot occurs at which joint

Accepted Answer

Subtalar

Answer

Ankle

Answer

Tarso-metatarsal

Answer

None of the options

Question 2

Which are the segments of the upper lobe of the right lung?

Accepted Answer

Apical, anterior, posterior

Answer

Lateral, medial, superior

Answer

Basal, medial, lateral

Answer

Anterior, posterior, medial

Question 3

Which of the following muscles is not attached to the medial border of the scapula?

Accepted Answer

Teres major

Answer

Serratus anterior

Answer

Levator scapulae

Answer

Rhomboid major

Question 4

Oculomotor nucleus is located in -

Accepted Answer

Midbrain

Answer

Forebrain

Answer

Pons

Answer

Medulla

Question 5

The third ventricle is a cavity located in which part of the brain?

Accepted Answer

Diencephalon

Answer

Mesencephalon

Answer

Rhombencephalon

Answer

Telencephalon

Question 6

Which of the following is not a posterior relation of the right kidney?

Accepted Answer

11th rib

Answer

Subcostal nerve

Answer

Diaphragm

Answer

Ilioinguinal nerve

Question 7

Root value of the thoracodorsal nerve

Accepted Answer

C6, C7, C8

Answer

T1, T2

Answer

C5, C6, C7

Answer

C6, T1

Question 8

What is the primary lymphatic drainage pathway of the ovary?

Accepted Answer

Paraaortic

Answer

Deep inguinal

Answer

Superficial inguinal

Answer

Obturator

Question 9

What is the posterior relation of the neck of the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

Origin of portal vein

Answer

IVC

Answer

Aorta

Answer

Common bile duct

Question 10

The Great cerebral vein of Galen drains into which structure?

Accepted Answer

Straight sinus

Answer

Cavernous sinus

Answer

Basal vein of Rosenthal

Answer

Internal cerebral vein

NEET-PG 2015 — Anatomy