NEET-PG 2015 - Anatomy Practice Questions

Q: What is the uppermost structure in left lung hilum?

Pulmonary artery. ***Pulmonary artery*** - In the **left lung hilum**, the **pulmonary artery** typically lies superior to the bronchus. - This anatomical position helps differentiate it from the relations in the right lung hilum, where the pulmonary artery is anterior to the bronchus. *Pulmonary vein* - The **pulmonary veins** are usually located anterior and inferior to the bronchus in both lung hila. - They tend to be the most anterior and inferior structures carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs. *Bronchial artery* - **Bronchial arteries** are smaller vessels that typically run on the posterior surface of the bronchi. - They are not considered the uppermost main structure in the hilum. *Left mainstem bronchus* - The **left mainstem bronchus** is usually found inferior to the pulmonary artery and posterior to the pulmonary veins in the left hilum. - It is a prominent structure but not the most superior.

Q: Superior vena cava develops from?

Right anterior cardinal vein. Right anterior cardinal vein - The superior vena cava (SVC) forms from the right anterior cardinal vein and the common cardinal vein. - The right anterior cardinal vein directly contributes to the upper portion of the SVC. Left anterior cardinal vein - The left anterior cardinal vein typically regresses or becomes minor tributaries like the left SVC (if persistent) or the coronary sinus. - It does not form the main superior vena cava. Left common cardinal vein - The left common cardinal vein forms the coronary sinus and an oblique vein of the left atrium. - While major vessels drain into it, it does not directly form the superior vena cava. Right subcardinal vein - The right subcardinal vein is primarily involved in the development of the inferior vena cava (IVC), particularly its renal segment. - It does not contribute to the formation of the superior vena cava.

Q: Superficial inguinal ring is a defect in the:

External oblique aponeurosis. ***External oblique aponeurosis*** - The **superficial inguinal ring** is a triangular opening in the **aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle** [1]. - It allows passage of the **spermatic cord** in males and the **round ligament of the uterus** in females. *Transverse abdominis aponeurosis* - The **transverse abdominis aponeurosis** contributes to the posterior wall of the **inguinal canal**, but not the superficial inguinal ring itself [2]. - The deepest abdominal muscle, its aponeurosis forms the **conjoint tendon** with the internal oblique aponeurosis. *Internal oblique muscle* - The **internal oblique muscle** forms the arching roof and part of the anterior wall of the **inguinal canal** [2]. - Its aponeurosis contributes to the **conjoint tendon** and the falx inguinalis. *Internal oblique aponeurosis* - The **internal oblique aponeurosis** is part of the anterior wall and forms the conjoint tendon with the transverse abdominis aponeurosis [2]. - This aponeurosis does not form the superficial inguinal ring; instead, it is found deeper to the external oblique aponeurosis.

Q: The uterine artery is a branch of which of the following?

Internal iliac artery. ***Internal iliac artery*** - The **uterine artery** is a direct branch of the **internal iliac artery**, specifically its anterior division, which supplies blood to the uterus [1]. - This artery is crucial for maintaining the vascular supply to the uterus, especially during pregnancy. *Left common iliac artery* - The **common iliac artery** bifurcates into the **internal iliac artery** and the **external iliac artery** [2]; it is not a direct source of the uterine artery. - The common iliac artery is a more proximal vessel in the arterial tree. *Internal pudendal artery* - The **internal pudendal artery** is also a branch of the **internal iliac artery**, but it primarily supplies the perineum and external genitalia, not the uterus. - It is often associated with structures such as the clitoris, labia, and structures of the anal triangle. *Ovarian artery* - The **ovarian artery** originates directly from the **abdominal aorta**, usually just below the renal arteries, and supplies the ovaries [2]. - Although it supplies the reproductive system, it is distinct from the uterine artery's origin and primary territory.

Q: A patient has a herniated intervertebral disc impinging on the right C5 nerve roots. Which of the following movements would most likely be affected?

Flexion of the elbow. ***Flexion of the elbow*** - The **C5 nerve root** is a primary contributor to the innervation of the **biceps brachii** and **brachialis** muscles, which are the prime movers for elbow flexion. - The C5 myotome specifically includes elbow flexion as one of its key motor functions. - Impingement of the C5 nerve root would therefore most directly impact the strength and function of **elbow flexion**, leading to weakness in this movement. *Extension of the fingers* - Finger extension is primarily mediated by the **C7 and C8 nerve roots** via the posterior interosseous nerve (branch of the radial nerve). - C5 does not significantly contribute to finger extension. *Extension of the shoulder* - Shoulder extension involves muscles primarily innervated by the **C6, C7, and C8 nerve roots** (e.g., latissimus dorsi via thoracodorsal nerve, teres major). - While C5 contributes to some shoulder movements (particularly **shoulder abduction** via the deltoid), it is not primarily responsible for shoulder extension. *Flexion of the wrist* - Wrist flexion is primarily served by muscles innervated by the **C6, C7, and C8 nerve roots** (e.g., flexor carpi radialis - C6/C7, flexor carpi ulnaris - C7/C8). - The C5 nerve root has minimal to no role in wrist flexion.

Q: What is the correct sequence of uterine blood flow?

Uterine A → Arcuate A → Radial A → Spiral A. ***Uterine A → Arcuate A → Radial A → Spiral A*** - The **uterine artery** is the primary blood supply, branching into several arteries within the myometrium. - **Arcuate arteries** encircle the uterus, giving off perpendicular branches called **radial arteries**, which then give rise to the **spiral arteries** that supply the endometrium [1]. *Uterine A → Radial A → Arcuate A → Spiral A* - This sequence is incorrect because **radial arteries** arise from **arcuate arteries**, not the other way around. - **Arcuate arteries** are larger circumferential vessels that branch into the smaller radial arteries. *Uterine A → Spiral A → Radial A → Arcuate A* - This sequence is highly incorrect as **spiral arteries** are the most distal branches supplying the endometrium, not preceding radial or arcuate arteries [1]. - The flow is from larger to smaller vessels, with **spiral arteries** being the smallest and most terminal. *Uterine A → Arcuate A → Spiral A → Radial A* - This sequence incorrectly places **spiral arteries** before **radial arteries**. - **Radial arteries** are the immediate precursors to **spiral arteries**, providing direct branches to them.

Q: Lips do not drain into which group of lymph nodes?

Preauricular parotid. ***Preauricular parotid*** - Lymph from the lips primarily drains into the **submental**, **submandibular**, and **deep cervical lymph nodes** [1]. - **Preauricular parotid nodes** primarily drain the lateral surface of the auricle, external auditory canal, temporoparietal scalp, and lateral parts of the eyelids and cheek. - The lips do **NOT** drain into preauricular nodes. *Submandibular nodes* - The **lateral parts of the lower lip** and the **entire upper lip** drain into the submandibular lymph nodes [1]. - These nodes are a primary drainage pathway for the oral region. *Submental nodes* - The **central part of the lower lip** drains into the submental lymph nodes [1]. - These nodes lie between the anterior bellies of the digastric muscles beneath the chin. - They receive lymph from the central lower lip, floor of mouth, and tip of tongue. *None of the options* - This option is incorrect because there is a specific group of nodes listed that the lips do *not* drain into (preauricular parotid).

Q: Which of the following muscles is not attached to the medial border of the scapula?

Teres major. ***Teres major*** - The **teres major** muscle originates from the **inferior angle and lower part of the lateral border** of the scapula, NOT the medial border. - It inserts into the medial lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus. - This is the correct answer as it does not attach to the medial border of the scapula. *Serratus anterior* - The **serratus anterior** muscle originates from the outer surfaces of the upper 8-9 ribs and inserts along the **entire medial border** of the scapula on its anterior (costal) surface. - It plays a crucial role in protraction and upward rotation of the scapula, keeping it applied to the thoracic wall. *Levator scapulae* - The **levator scapulae** muscle originates from the transverse processes of the C1-C4 vertebrae and inserts into the **superior angle and upper part of the medial border** of the scapula. - Its primary actions are to elevate the scapula and assist in downward rotation. *Rhomboid major* - The **rhomboid major** muscle originates from the spinous processes of T2-T5 vertebrae and attaches to the **medial border** of the scapula between the spine and inferior angle. - It acts to retract, elevate, and rotate the scapula downward.

Q: Which of the following is not formed by the external oblique muscle?

Conjoint tendon. ***Conjoint tendon*** - The **conjoint tendon** is formed by the conjoined aponeuroses of the **internal oblique** and **transversus abdominis muscles**, not the external oblique [1]. - It provides posterior wall reinforcement to the inguinal canal. - This is the structure that is definitively **NOT formed by the external oblique muscle**. *Lacunar ligament* - The **lacunar ligament** (Gimbernat's ligament) is a triangular fascial band formed by the medial reflection of the **inguinal ligament**. - It is derived from the **external oblique aponeurosis** and forms the medial boundary of the femoral ring. *Pectineal ligament* - The **pectineal ligament** (Cooper's ligament) is a thickening of the periosteum along the pecten pubis (pectineal line) [3]. - While it is continuous with the lacunar ligament, it is not directly formed by the external oblique muscle itself, but rather represents a separate periosteal structure. - For the purposes of this question, the conjoint tendon is the most appropriate answer as it has no contribution from the external oblique. *Inguinal ligament* - The **inguinal ligament** (Poupart's ligament) is formed by the inferomedial border of the **external oblique aponeurosis**, folding back on itself [2]. - It spans between the **anterior superior iliac spine** and the **pubic tubercle**.

Q: The third ventricle is a cavity located in which part of the brain?

Diencephalon. ***Diencephalon*** - The **third ventricle** is a narrow, median cavity situated within the **diencephalon** of the brain. - It connects the lateral ventricles via the **interventricular foramen (of Monro)** and with the fourth ventricle via the **cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius)** [2]. *Mesencephalon* - The **mesencephalon (midbrain)** contains the **cerebral aqueduct**, but not the third ventricle itself [1]. - It is located superior to the pons and inferior to the diencephalon. *Rhombencephalon* - The **rhombencephalon (hindbrain)** contains the **fourth ventricle**, which is situated posterior to the pons and medulla oblongata [2]. - It develops into the pons, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata. *Telencephalon* - The **telencephalon (cerebrum)** contains the **lateral ventricles**, which are paired cavities, one in each cerebral hemisphere [2]. - The telencephalon is the most anterior part of the brain and develops into the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and limbic system.

Question 1

What is the uppermost structure in left lung hilum?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary artery

Answer

Pulmonary vein

Answer

Bronchial artery

Answer

Left mainstem bronchus

Question 2

Superior vena cava develops from?

Accepted Answer

Right anterior cardinal vein

Answer

Left anterior cardinal vein

Answer

Left common cardinal vein

Answer

Right subcardinal vein

Question 3

Superficial inguinal ring is a defect in the:

Accepted Answer

External oblique aponeurosis

Answer

Internal oblique muscle

Answer

Transverse abdominis aponeurosis

Answer

Internal oblique aponeurosis

Question 4

The uterine artery is a branch of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Internal iliac artery

Answer

Left common iliac artery

Answer

Internal pudendal artery

Answer

Ovarian artery

Question 5

A patient has a herniated intervertebral disc impinging on the right C5 nerve roots. Which of the following movements would most likely be affected?

Accepted Answer

Flexion of the elbow

Answer

Extension of the fingers

Answer

Extension of the shoulder

Answer

Flexion of the wrist

Question 6

What is the correct sequence of uterine blood flow?

Accepted Answer

Uterine A → Arcuate A → Radial A → Spiral A

Answer

Uterine A → Radial A → Arcuate A → Spiral A

Answer

Uterine A → Spiral A → Radial A → Arcuate A

Answer

Uterine A → Arcuate A → Spiral A → Radial A

Question 7

Lips do not drain into which group of lymph nodes?

Accepted Answer

Preauricular parotid

Answer

Submandibular nodes

Answer

None of the options

Answer

Submental nodes

Question 8

Which of the following muscles is not attached to the medial border of the scapula?

Accepted Answer

Teres major

Answer

Serratus anterior

Answer

Levator scapulae

Answer

Rhomboid major

Question 9

Which of the following is not formed by the external oblique muscle?

Accepted Answer

Conjoint tendon

Answer

Inguinal ligament

Answer

Lacunar ligament

Answer

Pectineal ligament

Question 10

The third ventricle is a cavity located in which part of the brain?

Accepted Answer

Diencephalon

Answer

Mesencephalon

Answer

Rhombencephalon

Answer

Telencephalon

NEET-PG 2015 — Anatomy