UPSC-CMS 2022 Practice Questions

Q: The single most sensitive tool for evaluating the iron status in an individual is

serum ferritin value. ***serum ferritin value*** - **Serum ferritin** directly reflects the size of the body's iron stores and is the most sensitive indicator of **iron deficiency** in the preclinical stage. - A low serum ferritin value is highly specific for diagnosing **iron deficiency** before anemia develops. *serum iron concentration* - **Serum iron concentration** fluctuates throughout the day and is affected by many factors, making it a poor sole indicator of overall **iron status**. - It can be normal even in early stages of **iron deficiency** due to compensatory mechanisms. *haemoglobin concentration* - **Hemoglobin concentration** only falls in the late stages of **iron deficiency**, once **iron deficiency anemia** has developed. - It does not reflect early **iron depletion** or iron-deficient erythropoiesis. *serum transferrin saturation* - **Serum transferrin saturation** (TSAT) measures the amount of iron bound to transferrin and transporting iron, but it is less sensitive than ferritin for detecting early **iron deficiency**. - TSAT can be influenced by inflammation and other medical conditions, potentially masking true iron status.

Q: In swimming pools, the free residual chlorine required for providing adequate protection against bacterial and viral agents should be

1.0 mg/litre. ***1.0 mg/litre*** - A free residual chlorine concentration of **1.0 mg/litre (or 1 part per million)** is considered the optimal standard for **swimming pool water disinfection** to effectively inactivate bacterial and viral pathogens. - This level ensures adequate disinfectant capacity without causing significant eye or skin irritation to swimmers. *1.5 mg/litre* - While a higher concentration offers stronger disinfection, **1.5 mg/litre** is generally **not the standard recommended optimum** for free residual chlorine in swimming pools as it can lead to increased irritation. - This level might be considered if there's a specific need for boosted disinfection, but it's above the typical desired range for routine maintenance. *0.5 mg/litre* - A free residual chlorine level of **0.5 mg/litre** is often considered the **minimum acceptable level** but may not provide a sufficient safety margin for sustained disinfection, especially in heavily used pools. - It might offer **insufficient protection** against a rapid influx of contaminants or heat-stable pathogens. *2.0 mg/litre* - A free residual chlorine level of **2.0 mg/litre** is typically **too high** for routine swimming pool operation as it can cause significant **eye and skin irritation**, as well as damage to pool equipment. - This concentration is usually reserved for **shock treatment** or when addressing a severe contamination event, not for continuous maintenance.

Q: Which of the following will be target population for screening of diabetes?

All of the options. ***All of the options*** - All listed groups—**people over 40 years of age**, **individuals with a family history of diabetes**, and **women who have had a baby weighing more than 4.5 kg**—are considered high-risk populations for developing diabetes. - Screening these groups is a **cost-effective strategy** to identify diabetes early, allowing for timely intervention and prevention of complications. *People over 40 years of age* - **Age** is a significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes, with incidence progressively increasing after 40 due to decreased insulin sensitivity. - Routine screening is recommended by guidelines for adults in this age group, regardless of other risk factors. *People with family history of diabetes* - A **genetic predisposition** plays a crucial role in the development of type 2 diabetes, making a family history a strong indicator for increased risk. - Screening is essential for these individuals to detect the condition early, even if they are otherwise asymptomatic. *Women who have had a baby weighing more than 4·5 kg* - Delivering a **large-for-gestational-age infant** (macrosomia) is a strong indicator of prior **gestational diabetes (GDM)**, even if not formally diagnosed at the time. - Women with a history of GDM have a significantly increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

Q: With reference to Indian men, who can be categorized as carrying out 'moderate work', what is the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of thiamine (in mg/day)?

1.4. ***1.4*** - The **Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of thiamine** for Indian men performing **moderate work** is established at **1.4 mg/day** as per **ICMR 2020 guidelines**. - This recommendation is based on metabolic needs considering average physical activity levels, energy expenditure, and preventing deficiency symptoms. - The RDA ensures adequate thiamine intake for carbohydrate metabolism and nervous system function. *1.2* - This value represents the older RDA from previous ICMR guidelines. - While this was the recommended allowance in earlier versions, the current ICMR 2020 guidelines have updated the requirement to 1.4 mg/day for men with moderate activity. - This lower value may not fully meet the metabolic demands as per current recommendations. *1.8* - This value significantly exceeds the standard RDA for moderate work and might be recommended for individuals with higher energy expenditure or heavy physical activity. - For most Indian men performing moderate work, this intake would be considered higher than necessary. *1.0* - This value is below the recommended allowance for Indian men with moderate work. - This intake would not fully meet the metabolic demands, increasing the risk of suboptimal thiamine status and potential deficiency symptoms over time, especially during periods of increased carbohydrate intake.

Q: As a part of the Universal Immunization Programme in India, the Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) given as fractional IPV by intradermal route is first administered at what age?

6 weeks. ***6 weeks*** - In the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) in India, the first dose of **fractional Inactivated Polio Vaccine (fIPV)** is administered to infants at **6 weeks of age** via the **intradermal route**. - This timing coordinates with other routine vaccinations given at 6 weeks, such as the first dose of the **pentavalent vaccine** (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, Hepatitis B, and Hib). *14 weeks* - The second dose of **fIPV** is typically administered at **14 weeks of age** within the UIP schedule. - This dose also aligns with other scheduled vaccinations at 14 weeks, reinforcing immunity against polio. *9 months* - At **9 months of age**, infants receive the first dose of **measles and rubella (MR) vaccine** and **Vitamin A supplementation** under the UIP. - No polio vaccine doses are scheduled at 9 months. *Birth* - At birth, infants are given the **oral polio vaccine (OPV0)**, **Hepatitis B birth dose**, and **Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine**. - While initial polio immunization begins at birth, the **IPV is not administered at this stage**.

Q: Consider the following : 1. Intravenous tubes 2. Catheters 3. Gloves 4. Blood bags Which of the above-mentioned biomedical wastes will be segregated in Red bag as per the Biomedical Waste Management Rules, 2016?

1, 2 and 4. ***1, 2 and 4*** - According to **Biomedical Waste Management Rules, 2016**, items like **intravenous tubes**, **catheters**, and **blood bags** are classified under **contaminated waste (recyclable)** and are collected in **red bags**. - These represent **plastic waste contaminated with blood/body fluids** that can be recycled after proper treatment. - **Note on gloves**: While contaminated gloves technically also fall under red bag category as per BMW Rules 2016, this question may be testing the most commonly cited examples, or referring to general examination gloves which may be less contaminated. *2, 3 and 4* - This option incorrectly includes **gloves** (Item 3) along with catheters and blood bags. - In the context of this question, gloves are not included in the expected answer, possibly because they may refer to general-purpose gloves with minimal contamination. *1, 3 and 4* - This combination incorrectly includes **gloves** (Item 3) along with IV tubes and blood bags. - While **intravenous tubes** and **blood bags** are correctly placed in red bags, the inclusion of gloves makes this an incorrect choice per the question's expected answer. *1, 2 and 3* - This option incorrectly includes **gloves** (Item 3) within the red bag category. - While **intravenous tubes** and **catheters** are appropriate for red bags due to contamination with body fluids, gloves are not included in the expected answer for this question.

Q: Which of the following is NOT required for calculating the Human Development Index? 1. Life expectancy at birth 2. Infant mortality rate 3. Gross national income per capita 4. Mean years of schooling

Infant mortality rate. ***Infant mortality rate*** - The Human Development Index (HDI) focuses on broader measures of human well-being, specifically **health, education, and living standards**. - While reflecting a nation's health status, the **infant mortality rate** is not a direct component used in the HDI calculation. *Gross national income per capita* - **Gross national income (GNI) per capita** is a key component of the HDI, reflecting the **standard of living** dimension. - It measures the average income of a country's citizens and contributes to a country's overall development score. *Life expectancy at birth* - **Life expectancy at birth** is a crucial component of the HDI, representing the **health** dimension. - It indicates the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live, given current mortality rates. *Mean years of schooling* - **Mean years of schooling** is a core component of the HDI, reflecting the **education** dimension. - It measures the average number of years of education received by people aged 25 and older.

Q: For the treatment of kala-azar, the daily dose of miltefosine in a 3-year-old child who weighs 15 kg is

40 mg. ***40 mg*** - Miltefosine dosage for children weighing 12 to 29 kg (including a 15 kg child) is typically **2.5 mg/kg body weight per day orally**. - For a 15 kg child, this translates to 2.5 mg/kg * 15 kg = **37.5 mg**, which is rounded to **40 mg** for practical dosing since miltefosine capsules come in 10 mg or 50 mg sizes. *20 mg* - This dose is lower than the recommended **2.5 mg/kg/day** for a 15 kg child, which would be 37.5 mg. - An underdose of miltefosine could lead to **treatment failure** and the development of drug resistance. *10 mg* - This dose is significantly lower than the recommended therapeutic dose for a 15 kg child, which requires approximately **37.5 mg daily**. - Such a low dose would be **ineffective** in treating kala-azar, risking worsening disease. *30 mg* - While closer than 10 mg or 20 mg, 30 mg is still below the calculated **37.5 mg/day** for a 15 kg child. - An insufficient dose may compromise the efficacy of treatment and lead to **suboptimal parasitic clearance**.

Question 1

The single most sensitive tool for evaluating the iron status in an individual is

Accepted Answer

serum ferritin value

Answer

serum iron concentration

Answer

haemoglobin concentration

Answer

serum transferrin saturation

Question 2

In swimming pools, the free residual chlorine required for providing adequate protection against bacterial and viral agents should be

Accepted Answer

1.0 mg/litre

Answer

1.5 mg/litre

Answer

0.5 mg/litre

Answer

2.0 mg/litre

Question 3

Which of the following will be target population for screening of diabetes?

Accepted Answer

All of the options

Answer

People over 40 years of age

Answer

People with family history of diabetes

Answer

Women who have had a baby weighing more than 4·5 kg

Question 4

With reference to Indian men, who can be categorized as carrying out 'moderate work', what is the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of thiamine (in mg/day)?

Accepted Answer

1.4

Answer

1.2

Answer

1.8

Answer

1.0

Question 5

Which of the following is the most fundamental criterion that must be met by a disease before it is to be considered suitable for a screening programme?

1. The natural history of the disease should be adequately understood.
2. No effective treatment should exist for the disease.
3. The disease should not have a recognizable latent or asymptomatic stage.
4. There should be a test that can detect the disease prior to onset of signs and symptoms.

Accepted Answer

1. The natural history of the disease should be adequately understood.

Answer

4. There should be a test that can detect the disease prior to onset of signs and symptoms.

Answer

3. The disease should not have a recognizable latent or asymptomatic stage.

Answer

2. No effective treatment should exist for the disease.

Question 6

As a part of the Universal Immunization Programme in India, the Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) given as fractional IPV by intradermal route is first administered at what age?

Accepted Answer

6 weeks

Answer

14 weeks

Answer

9 months

Answer

Birth

Question 7

Consider the following :

1. Intravenous tubes
2. Catheters
3. Gloves
4. Blood bags

Which of the above-mentioned biomedical wastes will be segregated in Red bag as per the Biomedical Waste Management Rules, 2016?

Accepted Answer

1, 2 and 4

Answer

2, 3 and 4

Answer

1, 3 and 4

Answer

1, 2 and 3

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT required for calculating the Human Development Index?

1. Life expectancy at birth
2. Infant mortality rate
3. Gross national income per capita
4. Mean years of schooling

Accepted Answer

Infant mortality rate

Answer

Gross national income per capita

Answer

Life expectancy at birth

Answer

Mean years of schooling

Question 9

Which of the following statements regarding the Open Vial Policy, 2015 are correct?

1. It applies only for DPT, TT, Hepatitis B, OPV and Liquid Pentavalent vaccine.
2. Vaccine vials opened in session-site can be used again provided a vaccine vial monitor has not reached the discard point.
3. Open vial should never be submerged in water.
4. Open vials of BCG, Measles and JE should be preserved till the next immunization session.

Accepted Answer

2. Vaccine vials opened in session-site can be used again provided a vaccine vial monitor has not reached the discard point.

Answer

4. Open vials of BCG, Measles and JE should be preserved till the next immunization session.

Answer

3. Open vial should never be submerged in water.

Answer

1. It applies only for DPT, TT, Hepatitis B, OPV and Liquid Pentavalent vaccine.

Question 10

For the treatment of kala-azar, the daily dose of miltefosine in a 3-year-old child who weighs 15 kg is

Accepted Answer

40 mg

Answer

20 mg

Answer

10 mg

Answer

30 mg

UPSC-CMS 2022

Biochemistry

Community Medicine

Pharmacology