NEET-PG 2021

Q: Identify the muscle marked in the image responsible for flexion of the hip

Psoas Muscle. ***Psoas Muscle*** - The image provided shows a cross-section of the abdomen and a coronal view, where the **psoas muscle** can be identified lateral to the lumbar vertebrae. The psoas major, along with the iliacus, forms the **iliopsoas muscle**, which is the primary flexor of the hip joint. - Its deep location and attachment to the lumbar spine and femur allow it to exert significant force for **hip flexion**, especially in actions like lifting the leg or sitting up. *Latissimus Dorsi* - The **latissimus dorsi** is a large muscle of the back, primarily responsible for **adduction**, **extension**, and **internal rotation of the arm** at the shoulder joint. - It does not have an anatomical connection or function related to hip flexion. *Multifidus* - The **multifidus** muscles are a group of small, deep muscles that run along the spine, primarily responsible for **stabilizing the vertebral column** and assisting with extension and rotation of the trunk. - These muscles are entirely located in the back and have no role in hip movement. *Gluteus Muscle* - The **gluteus muscles** (maximus, medius, minimus) are located in the buttocks and are primarily responsible for **hip extension**, **abduction**, and external/internal rotation. The gluteus maximus is a powerful extensor of the hip, not a flexor. - While they are involved in hip movement, their primary actions are antagonistic to flexion. *Rectus Femoris* - The **rectus femoris** is one of the four quadriceps muscles and is the only one that crosses both the hip and knee joints. While it does contribute to **hip flexion**, it is a weaker hip flexor compared to the psoas. - It is located in the anterior thigh and would not be visible in an axial or coronal cross-section of the abdomen at the lumbar spine level shown in the image.

Q: A baby was playing unattended and suddenly developed respiratory distress. Based on the X-ray provided, where is the foreign object most likely located?

Esophagus. ***Esophagus*** - The frontal X-ray shows a **coin-shaped foreign body** that is oriented in the **coronal plane** (flat face visible), which is characteristic of an object lodged in the esophagus. - The foreign body is located in the **upper mediastinum**, directly in the known anatomical path of the esophagus, causing respiratory distress due to **extrinsic compression** of the trachea or aspiration. *Trachea* - Foreign bodies in the trachea, especially flat objects like coins, typically orient themselves in the **sagittal plane** (on edge) due to the C-shaped cartilaginous rings. - While tracheal foreign bodies can cause respiratory distress, the orientation on the image is inconsistent with a tracheal location. *Right main bronchus* - The **right main bronchus** is the most common site for aspirated foreign bodies in children due to its wider diameter and more vertical orientation. - However, foreign bodies in the bronchus would typically show air trapping or atelectasis on chest X-ray, and the location and orientation of this object in the upper mediastinum are not consistent with bronchial placement. *Gastrointestinal tract* - The foreign body is located in the **chest cavity**, well above the stomach and intestines. - If a foreign body reaches the gastrointestinal tract, it would typically be beyond the esophagus and would not usually cause acute respiratory distress. *Below diaphragm* - The diaphragm separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. The foreign body is clearly visible within the **chest cavity**, high up in the mediastinum. - A foreign body below the diaphragm in the gastrointestinal tract would not result in the appearance or the acute respiratory distress described without other symptoms.

182 Questions — Page 19 of 19

Anatomy

1 questions

Q181

Identify the muscle marked in the image responsible for flexion of the hip

Pediatrics

1 questions

Q181

A baby was playing unattended and suddenly developed respiratory distress. Based on the X-ray provided, where is the foreign object most likely located?