INI-CET 2025 Practice Questions

Q: Match the cardiac anatomical features from Column I with their corresponding labels from Column II. Column I: 1. Receives oxygenated blood from pulmonary veins; 2. Lies anterior to ascending aorta; 3. Arises from LV; 4. Hypertrophy in pulmonary stenosis. Column II: A. Ascending aorta; B. Right ventricle; C. Pulmonary trunk; D. Left atrium.

1-D, 2-C, 3-A, 4-B. 1-D, 2-C, 3-A, 4-B - 1-D (Receives oxygenated blood): The left atrium receives four pulmonary veins carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs [1], making it the only chamber that receives oxygenated blood directly from pulmonary circulation. - 2-C (Lies anterior to ascending aorta): The pulmonary trunk is positioned anteriorly and slightly to the left of the ascending aorta as both vessels exit from the base of the heart. - 3-A (Arises from LV): The ascending aorta arises directly from the left ventricle through the aortic valve and is the major systemic artery carrying oxygenated blood to the body. - 4-B (Hypertrophy in pulmonary stenosis): Pulmonary stenosis increases resistance to right ventricular outflow, causing chronic pressure overload and subsequent right ventricular hypertrophy. 1-A, 2-B, 3-C, 4-D - This matching is incorrect because the ascending aorta (A) does not receive blood from pulmonary veins [1]; it arises from the LV and carries blood away from the heart. Additionally, the pulmonary trunk (C) arises from the right ventricle, not the left ventricle. 1-B, 2-D, 3-C, 4-A - This matching is incorrect because the right ventricle (B) receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium via the vena cavae, not oxygenated blood from pulmonary veins [1]. The left atrium (D) is a posterior chamber and does not lie anterior to the ascending aorta. 1-C, 2-A, 3-D, 4-B - This matching is incorrect because the pulmonary trunk (C) carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs; it does not receive oxygenated blood from pulmonary veins [1]. The left atrium (D) is not a vessel that arises from the LV—the correct structure is the ascending aorta (A).

Q: Match the following anatomical structures with their correct image labels: 1. Seminal vesicles 2. Ureter 3. Prostate 4. Vas deferens

1-D, 2-C, 3-A, 4-B. ***Correct: 1-D, 2-C, 3-A, 4-B*** - This option correctly identifies the labeled structures: **A** is the **prostate gland**, inferior to the bladder; **B** is the **vas deferens**, hooking over the ureter; **C** is the **ureter**, entering the posterior bladder wall; and **D** are the **seminal vesicles**, located posterior to the bladder. - The relationships are accurate: the **vas deferens (B)** transports sperm from the epididymis, the **seminal vesicles (D)** produce seminal fluid, the **prostate (A)** contributes prostatic fluid, and the **ureter (C)** transports urine from the kidneys. *Incorrect: 1-A, 2-B, 3-C, 4-D* - This option incorrectly identifies the **prostate gland (A)** as the seminal vesicles. The prostate is a single, walnut-sized gland, whereas the seminal vesicles (D) are paired and lobulated. - It also mislabels the **ureter (C)** as the prostate and the **vas deferens (B)** as the ureter, which is anatomically incorrect. *Incorrect: 1-B, 2-C, 3-D, 4-A* - This option incorrectly labels the **vas deferens (B)** as the seminal vesicles and the **seminal vesicles (D)** as the prostate. - The prostate (A) is a singular structure at the base of the bladder, not the vas deferens, which is a tubular structure. *Incorrect: 1-D, 2-B, 3-A, 4-C* - This choice incorrectly swaps the **ureter** and the **vas deferens**. Label **C** points to the ureter entering the bladder, not the vas deferens. - Label **B** points to the **vas deferens**, which is seen hooking over the ureter (C), and not the ureter itself.

Q: Which muscles are supplied by the superficial peroneal nerve?

Peroneus longus & Brevis. ***Peroneus longus & Brevis*** - The **superficial peroneal nerve** (superficial fibular nerve) supplies **only two muscles**: **Peroneus longus** and **Peroneus brevis** - These muscles form the **lateral compartment of the leg** - They function primarily in **ankle eversion** and contribute to **plantar flexion** - The superficial peroneal nerve is a terminal branch of the **common peroneal nerve** that arises at the neck of the fibula *Incorrect - Both A & C* - This option incorrectly combines different muscle groups - Option C refers to muscles supplied by the **deep peroneal nerve**, not the superficial peroneal nerve *Incorrect - Extensor hallucis longus* - This muscle is located in the **anterior compartment** of the leg - It extends the great toe and assists in ankle dorsiflexion - It is innervated by the **deep peroneal nerve**, NOT the superficial peroneal nerve *Incorrect - Peroneus tertius* - This muscle belongs to the **anterior compartment** despite its name - It acts as a dorsiflexor and evertor of the foot - It is supplied by the **deep peroneal nerve**, NOT the superficial peroneal nerve - The superficial peroneal nerve only supplies the lateral compartment muscles (Peroneus longus and brevis)

Q: Identify the region indicated by the number 3 in the given image.

Back of neck. ***Back of neck*** - The number 3 indicates the **squamous part** of the **occipital bone**, which forms the posterior base of the cranium. This region corresponds externally to the upper part of the back of the neck and the back of the head. - This area includes landmarks like the **external occipital protuberance** and **superior nuchal line**, which serve as attachment points for major neck muscles like the **trapezius**. *Ear* - The structures of the ear are associated with the **temporal bone**, which is located lateral to the occipital bone shown in the image. - Region 3 is situated at the posterior midline, far from the lateral position of the ears. *Vertex* - The **vertex** is the most superior point of the skull, located at the junction of the **sagittal** and **coronal sutures**. - The image displays an inferior view of the skull base, which is anatomically opposite to the superiorly located vertex. *Forehead* - The forehead is formed by the **frontal bone**, which constitutes the anterior part of the cranium. - Region 3 is located at the posterior aspect of the skull, making it the anatomical opposite of the forehead.

Q: What is the action of the muscle marked in the image?

Hip abduction. ***Hip abduction*** - The image displays the **gluteus medius** muscle, whose primary action is to **abduct** the thigh at the hip joint. - This muscle is crucial for stabilizing the pelvis during the gait cycle; weakness leads to a positive **Trendelenburg sign**. ***Internal rotation*** - While the anterior fibers of the **gluteus medius** contribute to internal rotation, it is not its primary function. - The primary internal rotators of the hip are the **gluteus minimus** and the **tensor fasciae latae**. ***Knee extension*** - The **gluteus medius** does not cross the knee joint and therefore has no action on knee extension. - Knee extension is the primary function of the **quadriceps femoris** muscle group, located in the anterior thigh. ***Knee flexion*** - The **gluteus medius** does not act on the knee joint, so it cannot cause knee flexion. - Knee flexion is primarily performed by the **hamstring muscles** (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus) located in the posterior thigh.

Q: Which of the following is the diagnosis based on the given eye movement abnormality image?

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia. **Internuclear ophthalmoplegia** - This diagnosis is indicated by the failure of the right eye to **adduct** (move inwards) when looking to the left, which is a hallmark sign. This specific defect is caused by a lesion in the **Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus (MLF)** on the same side as the adduction failure. - Another key feature shown is **nystagmus** in the contralateral (left) eye during **abduction** (outward movement). This combination of ipsilateral adduction failure and contralateral abducting nystagmus is classic for INO. *3rd nerve palsy* - A 3rd nerve palsy would present with the affected eye positioned 'down and out' due to unopposed action of the superior oblique and lateral rectus muscles. It also typically involves **ptosis** and a **dilated pupil**. - In the given image, the vertical movements and pupillary function are not depicted as abnormal, and the primary issue is with horizontal conjugate gaze, not the multiple deficits seen in 3rd nerve palsy. *6th nerve palsy* - This condition results in the inability to **abduct** the eye (move it outwards) due to paralysis of the **lateral rectus muscle**. The patient would complain of horizontal diplopia, worse on gaze towards the affected side. - The image shows that both eyes are capable of abduction. The defect is clearly in adduction of the right eye. *Horizontal gaze palsy* - This involves the inability of **both eyes** to move in one horizontal direction. It is caused by a lesion in the pontine gaze center, the **Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation (PPRF)**. - In this case, the left eye successfully moves to the left, and both eyes can move to the right, ruling out a complete gaze palsy to either side.

Q: A teenager presents to the emergency department with wrist pain after falling off his skateboard. He has snuff-box tenderness. Which bone is likely fractured?

Scaphoid. ***Scaphoid*** - **Snuff-box tenderness** is the classic and most reliable clinical sign indicating a scaphoid fracture, usually sustained after a **fall onto an outstretched hand (FOOSH)**, common in young adults and teenagers. - The **scaphoid** is the most frequently fractured carpal bone (approx. 60%) and requires careful immobilization and follow-up due to the high risk of **avascular necrosis** from its retrograde blood supply. ***Trapezoid*** - Fractures of the trapezoid are extremely rare (less than 1% of carpal fractures) because of its stable position wedged between the **second metacarpal** and other carpals. - Tenderness for an isolated trapezoid fracture would be localized to the dorsal aspect of the wrist, more centrally, not specifically within the anatomical snuff box which is bounded by the **extensor tendons** of the thumb. ***Capitate*** - The capitate is the largest carpal bone, located in the center of the wrist, articulating with the **third metacarpal**; it is the second most commonly fractured carpal bone after the scaphoid. - Tenderness would be localized more centrally over the dorsal wrist, proximal to the third metacarpal base, and is not associated with classic **snuff-box tenderness**. ***Trapezium*** - The trapezium carpal bone articulates primarily with the **first metacarpal (thumb)**, forming the highly mobile carpometacarpal joint. - A fracture typically results in tenderness localized to the base of the thumb or the **thenar eminence**, rather than the radial dorsal wrist corresponding to the anatomical snuff box.

Q: Cleft lip primary muscle repair is required in which of the following muscles?

Orbicularis oris. ***Orbicularis oris*** - The **orbicularis oris** muscle forms the main sphincter of the mouth and is interrupted in a cleft lip. Repair involves meticulous anatomical realignment of this muscle for correct function and appearance. - Dysfunction of this muscle in unrepaired cleft lip leads to **vermilion deficiency**, **cupid's bow distortion**, and poor feeding/speech. *Orbicularis oculi* - This muscle surrounds the eye and is responsible for blinking and closing the eyelid; it is not primarily affected in a standard cleft lip. - Though part of the facial musculature, its involvement is secondary, mainly due to potential nerve injury during extensive **craniofacial procedures**, not cleft lip repair. *Levator palpebrae superioris* - This muscle elevates the upper eyelid and is innervated by the **oculomotor nerve (CN III)**. It is not involved in cleft lip pathology or repair. - Its function is essential for vision, and damage results in **ptosis**, a concern unrelated to primary lip closure. *Masseter* - The masseter is a powerful muscle of mastication, innervated by the **trigeminal nerve (CN V)**. It is located in the cheek and is not part of the required functional repair for a cleft lip. - Its primary role is in **jaw closure (chewing)**, and its integrity is preserved during standard cleft lip repair procedures.

Question 1

Match the cardiac anatomical features from Column I with their corresponding labels from Column II. Column I: 1. Receives oxygenated blood from pulmonary veins; 2. Lies anterior to ascending aorta; 3. Arises from LV; 4. Hypertrophy in pulmonary stenosis. Column II: A. Ascending aorta; B. Right ventricle; C. Pulmonary trunk; D. Left atrium.

Accepted Answer

1-D, 2-C, 3-A, 4-B

Answer

1-A, 2-B, 3-C, 4-D

Answer

1-B, 2-D, 3-C, 4-A

Answer

1-C, 2-A, 3-D, 4-B

Question 2

Match the following anatomical structures with their correct image labels:

1. Seminal vesicles
2. Ureter
3. Prostate
4. Vas deferens

Accepted Answer

1-D, 2-C, 3-A, 4-B

Answer

1-D, 2-B, 3-A, 4-C

Answer

1-B, 2-C, 3-D, 4-A

Answer

1-A, 2-B, 3-C, 4-D

Question 3

Which muscles are supplied by the superficial peroneal nerve?

Accepted Answer

Peroneus longus & Brevis

Answer

Both A & C

Answer

Extensor hallucis longus

Answer

Peroneus tertius

Question 4

Identify the region indicated by the number 3 in the given image.

Accepted Answer

Back of neck

Answer

Vertex

Answer

Forehead

Answer

Ear

Question 5

What is the action of the muscle marked in the image?

Accepted Answer

Hip abduction

Answer

Internal rotation

Answer

Knee flexion

Answer

Knee extension

Question 6

A 35-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a complaint of food stuck in his throat. On examination, a bone is seen in the left piriform recess. Which of the following is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Gag reflex

Answer

Cough reflex

Answer

Salivation

Answer

Mastication

Question 7

Which of the following is the diagnosis based on the given eye movement abnormality image?

Accepted Answer

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia

Answer

3rd nerve palsy

Answer

6th nerve palsy

Answer

Horizontal gaze palsy

Question 8

A teenager presents to the emergency department with wrist pain after falling off his skateboard. He has snuff-box tenderness. Which bone is likely fractured?

Accepted Answer

Scaphoid

Answer

Trapezoid

Answer

Trapezium

Answer

Capitate

Question 9

Which of the following mechanisms is used by the marked structure to influence neighboring cells?

Accepted Answer

Paracrine

Answer

Nerve mediated

Answer

Vein mediated

Answer

Autocrine

Question 10

Cleft lip primary muscle repair is required in which of the following muscles?

Accepted Answer

Orbicularis oris

Answer

Levator palpebrae superioris

Answer

Orbicularis oculi

Answer

Masseter

INI-CET 2025

Anatomy

Ophthalmology

Orthopaedics

Physiology

Surgery