Cohort studies — Flashcards

Flashcard 11: What is the most common cause of death for individuals aged 45-64 years?

Answer: Cancer

Flashcard 12: Which type of observational study can be retro- or prospective? _____

Answer: Cohort study

Flashcard 13: Cumulative incidence = (# of new cases over a specific period) / (number of people at risk at the _____ of the period)

Answer: beginning

Flashcard 14: In noncommunicable chronic diseases, the latent period may be _____

Answer: long

Flashcard 15: If 21% of smokers develop lung cancer versus only 1% of nonsmokers, the relative risk = _____

Answer: 21

Flashcard 16: If relative risk _____ 1, there is no association between exposure and disease

Answer: =

Flashcard 17: _____ studies are observational studies that compares groups with a given exposure or risk factor to a group without such exposure

Answer: Cohort

Flashcard 18: What is the formula for calculating **Attributable Risk** (AR)?

Answer: AR = [a / (a + b)] – [c / (c + d)] (Incidence in exposed – Incidence in unexposed)

Extra: Attributable Risk (AR) is the difference in risk between the exposed group and the unexposed group. In a standard 2x2 table: • a = Exposed, Disease (+) • b = Exposed, Disease (-) • c = Unexposed, Disease (+) • d = Unexposed, Disease (-) AR = [a / (a + b)] – [c / (c + d)]

Flashcard 19: What is the equation for attributable risk percent in the exposed (ARPexposed)?_____

Answer: ARPexposed = 100 x [(RR-1)/RR]

Flashcard 20: If relative risk _____ 1, exposure is associated with increased disease occurence

Answer: >