Neurology — Flashcards

Flashcard 531: _____ subdural hematomas appear hyperdense on CT

Answer: Acute

Flashcard 532: _____ is an idiopathic neurological condition that causes upper and lower motor neuron signs

Answer: Motor neuron disease (MND)

Flashcard 533: What is the next step management of confirmed subarachnoid haemorrhage? _____

Answer: Refer to neurosurgery!!

Flashcard 534: ALS typically presents initially with asymmetric weakness and atrophy/fasciculations in the _____ limbs.

Answer: upper

Flashcard 535: What is the most dangerous complication of a subarachnoid hemorrhage? _____

Answer: Rebleeding

Flashcard 536: _____ haemorrhage is characterised by a(n) crescent-shaped collection of blood on CT

Answer: Subdural

Flashcard 537: Progressive bulbar palsy predominantly affects motor neurons in the _____ causing slurred speech & dysphagia

Answer: bulbar region

Extra: Key clinical features: Dysarthria (slurred speech), Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), and tongue wasting/fasciculations. \n\nNote: 'Dysphasia' in the original card was corrected to 'dysphagia' as PBP affects the mechanics of swallowing (bulbar LMNs), not cortical language centers.

Flashcard 538: ALS typically presents with _____ weakness.

Answer: asymmetric

Extra: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) involves both Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) and Lower Motor Neuron (LMN) signs. While it eventually becomes more generalized, the initial presentation is characteristically asymmetric.

Flashcard 539: What is the first-line investigation for subarachnoid haemorrhage? _____

Answer: Urgent non-contrast CT

Flashcard 540: Chronic subdural haemorrhage is more common in _____ and the elderly due to cerebral atrophy, which stretches the bridging veins

Answer: alcoholics